Acids, Bases and Salts

Antacids perform a neutralization reaction, increasing the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in the gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous system. This happens when these nerves are exposed. So it is used for treatment of indigestion.

HCl reacts with crushed eggshell to give a gas which turns lime water milky.

All the given acids can not be stored in the metal as they will react with the metal.

A hazard warning sign is usually printed on containers of acids or bases to warn people about the dangerous corrosive nature of acid or base

Presence of hydrogen ion gives acidic properties to an acid.

Aqueous solutions of Glucose or Ethyl alcohol do not show the acidic character on dissolving in water because their hydrogen does not separate out as hydrogen ions

Hydrochloric acid conducts electricity due to formation of ions in the solution.

Glucose and alcohol solutions do not conduct electricity due to absence of ions in the solution.

Any substance is said to behave like acid if it gives proton in the water.

Distilled water does not conduct electricity as it does not contain ions.

Rain water conducts electricity as it contain various ions.

Acids are stored in containers made of ceramics and glass as they don't react with the acids.

A substance, which is completely ionized in water and produces a large number of hydrogen ions is called strong acid.

A substance, which is partially ionized in water and produces a small number of hydrogen ions is called weak acid.

Single arrow pointing towards right is used between reactant and product to show that an acid is completely ionized to form ions in a chemical equation.

The compound hydrogen chloride has the formula HCl. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric humidity. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. The formula HCl is often used to refer, somewhat misleadingly, to hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution that can be derived from hydrogen chloride.

All the acids give [H⁺(aq) ion], when they are dissolved in water.

Double arrows pointing towards right as well as left sign is used between reactant and product to show that an acid is partially ionized to form ions in a chemical equation.

Oxide film from steel pot is removed by the use of an acid such as hydrochloric acid.

Hydrogen ion [H⁺(aq)] is also written as hydronium ions.

When the concentrated solution of an acid is diluted by water then the concentration of hydrogen ion per unit volume will decrease.

Nitric acid is used to make fertilizers

Dry HCl gas is neutral in nature. So it does not change the colour of dry litmus paper.

The antacid is called milk of magnesia. Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(OH)₂. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magnesia because of its milk-like appearance. The solid mineral form of magnesium hydroxide is known as brucite.
Magnesium hydroxide is a common component of antacids and laxatives; it interferes with the absorption of folic acid and iron. Magnesium hydroxide has low solubility in water, with a K_sp of 1.5 x 10⁻¹¹; all of magnesium hydroxide that does dissolve does dissociate. Since the dissociation of this small amount of dissolved magnesium hydroxide is complete, magnesium hydroxide is considered a strong electrolyte.