General Science

Nitrogen-containing fertilizers like ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate are commonly applied during sowing to support early vegetative growth. While phosphorus (DAP) is also used at sowing, nitrogen fertilizers containing nitrates are very common. Potash is usually applied later, and calcium is a secondary nutrient.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.

Dehydration involves the loss of water and essential electrolytes, with sodium chloride being the primary salt lost from the body.

Khetri is famous for copper, Kolar for gold, Kudremukh for iron ore, and Jharia for coal.

Radiocarbon dating measures the decay of Carbon-14 in organic materials to determine the age of fossils and archaeological artifacts.

Green leafy vegetables are well-known as excellent dietary sources of iron.

Vitamins are micronutrients that regulate body processes but do not provide calories or energy to the body.

The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs the majority of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, protecting life on Earth.

Combustion is a chemical reaction that requires an oxidizer, and oxygen is the primary gas in the atmosphere that supports burning.

Cotton is a natural fiber that is generally less flammable and melts less easily than synthetic fabrics like nylon, polyester, or terycot.

Glucose is a simple sugar that is absorbed directly into the bloodstream, providing an immediate source of energy for athletes.

Ammonia is commonly used as a refrigerant in industrial and commercial refrigeration systems due to its thermodynamic properties.

Many vitamins are heat-sensitive and water-soluble, meaning they are easily destroyed or leached out during the cooking process.

The liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing ethanol; excessive consumption leads to inflammation, scarring, and damage to liver tissue.

Gasohol is a fuel mixture consisting of gasoline and ethanol. Ethyl alcohol is the common name for ethanol, which is added to gasoline to improve octane ratings and reduce emissions.

Emeralds are a variety of the mineral beryl. Beryl is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate.

Chloromycetin, also known as chloramphenicol, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic historically used to treat typhoid fever. Chloroquin is for malaria, and sulpha drugs are a different class of antibiotics.

Bread dough rises because yeast performs fermentation, which consumes sugars and releases carbon dioxide gas. This gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand.

The small intestine in an adult human is typically about 6 to 7 meters long. While estimates vary slightly, 7 meters is the standard accepted value in many textbooks.

Drinking soda contains dissolved carbon dioxide, which forms carbonic acid in water. This gives soda an acidic pH, typically ranging between 2.5 and 4.0.

According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+). Therefore, hydrogen is the essential element in all acids.

In an oil well, fluids separate based on density. Gas is the least dense and rises to the top, oil is in the middle, and water is the most dense, settling at the bottom.

Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is used to reclaim alkaline soils. The calcium ions in gypsum replace sodium ions on the soil particles, which helps improve soil structure and reduce alkalinity.

An alloy is a metallic substance composed of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal. This is a standard definition in materials science.

Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue or skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.