GATE Life Sciences and Biotechnology Practice Test

Chlorotrianisene is a non-steroidal synthetic estrogen that was formerly used for the treatment of menopause, deficiencies in ovary function and prostate cancer.
Stilboestrol is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen that was first synthesized in 1938.
Fosfestrol is a synthetic estrogen used as an antineoplastic agent.

Autoimmune thyroid disorders are conditions where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. The immune system is the body's defense system against infections and diseases. A problem with the immune system may make the body attack even its own cells, including the thyroid gland. When this happens, the thyroid gland cannot work correctly. Autoimmune diseases are strongly associated with enteroviruses such as Coxsackie B virus.

Kinetin (N⁶-furfuryladenine) is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division.
Zeatin is a plant hormone derived from the purine adenine. It is a member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins.
Benzyl adenine or 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) is a first-generation synthetic cytokinin that elicits plant growth and development responses, setting blossoms and stimulating fruit richness by stimulating cell division.

Glycogen storage disease type I or von Gierke's disease is the most common of the glycogen storage diseases or glycogenosis and dextrinosis. This genetic disease results from deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia.

This option is correct because all items of column I are correctly matched with column II. 
Glycine - Optically inactive amino acid
Cysteine - Sulphur containing amino acid
Serine - Amino acid containing hydroxyl group
Arginine - Basic amino acid.

Microbiosensors can be integrated on one chip and are useful for measuring various substrates in a small amount of sample solution simultaneously.
It is possible to develop disposable transducers for biosensors through mass production.

Penicillin is produced by aerobic fermentation.
Vegetable oil, (corn oil or soybean oil) added in the fermentation medium for penicillin, act as an antifoam agent.

Histidine is an alpha amino acid, the conjugate acid of the imidazole side chain. Leucine is a branched-chain α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO₂CCH(NH₂)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂. Because of the presence of aliphatic isobutyl side chain, Leucine is hydrophobic in nature. Threonine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO₂CCH(NH₂)CH(OH)CH₃. This essential amino acid is classified as polar. Together with serine, threonine is one of two proteinogenic amino acids bearing an alcohol group (-OH group). Tryptophan is one of the 22 standard amino acids and is an essential amino acid in the human diet. It has indole as fuctional group.
Hence, the correct match of codes is P - 3, Q - 5, R - 1, S - 4.

This option is correct because this set of proteins provides protection and support, forming connective tissue, tendons, bone matrices, and muscle fiber.
Keratin - A fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues, such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves
Collagen - A fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling
Elastin - A fibrous scleroprotein found in elastic tissues, such as the walls of arteries

Naramycin a is an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms, produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.
Flagecidin, also known as Anisomycin, is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits protein synthesis.
L-Alanyl-L-alanyl-phosphinothricin is a natural herbicide produced by the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromeogenes.

Yes, this is correct.
Structural polysaccharides are the polysaccharides that are found to form the structure of an organism.
Cellulose is found plants, chitin is  found in outer skeleton of insects and crabs, and pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants.

Hybridoma is a cell that is produced in the laboratory from the fusion of an antibody-producing lymphocyte and a nonantibody-producing cancer cell, usually a myeloma or lymphoma. It proliferates and produces a continuous supply of a specific monoclonal antibody.
During recombinant insulin synthesis, the bond between insulin polypeptide and galactosidase can be removed by using cyanogen bromide.
The Ti plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been developed as a vehicle for introducing foreign genes into plants.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), is a technology used for amplifying DNA sequences.

Quinine, obtained from Cinchona ledgeriana, is a very commonly used anti-malarial drug.
Reserpine, an alkaloid obtained from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina, is used as tranquilizer.
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid and a stimulant drug obtained from Camellia sinensis. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness.
Atropine, an anticholinergic agent obtained from Atropa belladonna, is used as premedication in anaesthesia to reduce upper respiratory secretions.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
The inhibition of glycolysis by oxygen is referred to as Pasteur effect. This is due to inhibition of the enzyme phosphohexokinase by ATP and 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (citrate) (formed in the presence of oxygen).

The normal role of restriction endonucleases in bacterial cells to degrade invading phage DNA because bacterial cells protect their own DNA from degradation by restriction endonucleases by methylating the DNA at the sites that the enzyme recognizes. Thus, this option is correct.