Information Technology Fundamentals

It is very fast and operates at the frequencies approaching the speed of light. It is susceptible to the atmospheric interference from bright light.

Messages at the datalink layer are called as data frames, which is the basic unit of internet traffic.

In fiber optic, when light reaches the central glass core. It hits a layer of glass cladding, resulting in an internal reflections at the boundary.

Blogs are typically updated daily, using software that allows people with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog.

Protocol usually refers to a set of rules that define an exact format for communication between systems. For e.g. HTTP protocol defines the format for communication between web browser and web server.

RSA is named after its inventors, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Len Adleman. It is used for encryption and authentication.

Extension in the domain names are used to locate the geographical venue of the country to which the web page belongs.'.au' extension is used for Australia.

This is a tree-branch approach to information resources by category. Gopher is usually fast and it is often the best way to find information resources.

Cookie is a message from a web server computer sent to and stored by user's  browser on the computer.

It is a hardware or software set-up that translates between two dissimilar protocols.

In web browser, software enables the display of the information on the web, to be displayed on the monitor.

PGP is  used mainly for personal e-mail security.

The SMTP gateway translates the message to the acceptable RFC-822 format and then transfers the message to the TCP/IP transport system, which will send the message to its final destination.

To work on internet environment your computer must have TCP/IP software.

This mechanism controls access by reconstructing the flow of data associated with the traffic.

This business model is a complete reversal of traditional business model where companies offer goods and services to consumers.

It is connection-oriented technology, in which a connection is established between the two endpoints, before the actual data exchange begins.

Intruders create packets with spoofed or impersonated source IP addresses. The attacks involve forging the source address of packets.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension specifies how to store multiple types of information within the same file. It supports binary, text, audio, video and other formats. It follows the RFC-1521 standard for data transfer.

VeriSign allows export of stronger authentication using Digital ID, which is adopted by IBM for use in its InfoMarket publishing network and clearing house.

Smart Card acts as a monetary instrument is actually token money, that contains a computer chip that actually processes information and has the potential to store identification information including driving license, citizenship, and emergency contact information.

It is a protocol which identifies the web page from the user name and domain name, which indicates geographical venue and kind or organization.

Proxies accept a connection from a user, make a decision as to whether or not the user or client IP address is permitted to use the proxy.

Its function is securing e-mail attachments, across multiple platforms.

MPEG is the standard for digitally compressing movies.