Light, Shadows and Reflections-II

When sunlight passes through the leaves of trees, we are able to see the circular images of the sun. It is the gaps in the leaves which act as a pinhole camera and produce an image of the sun.

To make a pinhole camera, we need two cardboard boxes, a ruler to measure the length to cut out the boxes, and a tracing paper which acts as a translucent screen in the camera.

The image formed by a pinhole camera is real, upside down, i.e. inverted and a clear or a sharp one (size of the pinhole should be quite small). 

So, opaque objects block the path of the light.

The object, which by reflecting light cannot form images, is said to have a non-reflecting surface. Now, one can see its image in water, in spoon, iron sheet, gold or silver objects, etc. but carbon paper is an object which does not form images and have a non-reflecting surface.

A plane mirror forms an image which is erect, regular and virtual. Also, it gives the same colour to the image as that of the object. The image is formed on the same side of the object and having the same size as that of the object. The image produced is just like the object depicting its shape, structure, size, colour, etc.

Light rays always travel in straight lines. When a light ray hits any surface, such a ray is said to be an incident ray. After hitting the surface, this ray reflects back by making an angle with the incident ray. This is known as reflection. Thus, it changes the direction of light. Conduction is the phenomenon to allow the passage of heat or current through an object and insulation refers to resisting the flow of heat or current through the object; transparency refers to the property of an object to allow light to pass through it.

One should never see the sun directly at the time of the eclipse as even if it is observed for a few seconds, it can cause permanent damage to retina of the eye because of the intense visible and invisible radiations emitted by the sun.

A camera is a device which is used to view the object on a screen. Periscope is a device used to see the concealed positioned objects, a microscope to look the larger view of very small objects which are not visible with the naked eye. Mirror produces and image only till the time that a particular object is lying in its path.

Image formed by pinhole camera is real, upside down i.e. inverted and a clear or a sharp one. (size of the pinhole should be quite small). Simply explained, it is a light proof box with a small hole in one side. When sunlight passes through the tree leaves, we are able to see the circular images of the sun. During the same, it is the gaps in the leaves which acts as pinhole camera and produce an image of sun.Light is required for image formation so no image will be formed during night with no source of light

Light always travels in a straight line. Even if the path of light is obstructed by an object then it gets reflected and again traces a linear path only.

When the moon passes between the sun and the earth, moon fully or partially covers the sun as viewed from earth. In this situation, solar eclipse occurs when moon overshadows the sun or the sunlight. The dark spot seen is the shadow of the moon.

For the image to be visible, we always require two things. 1. An opaque object 2. Source of light So vehicle in sunlight, sun and ball during noon are all that can be imaged by a pin hole camera but trees during night do not have any source of light so these can not be imaged.

Light rays always travel in straight lines. When a light ray hits any surface, such a ray is said to be incident ray. After hitting the surface, this ray bounces back by making an angle with the incident ray. This is said to be reflections.

Mirror is a glass whose one side is being painted so that it acts as a shiny reflecting surface and forms images. If its painted surface is not even and smooth throughout, it forms disturbed images. It is a reflecting  surface, not an absorbing surface.

Structure of a pinhole camera is easy and can be easily constructed at home by using general materials from the surroundings like cardboard trace paper etc. But digital camera, CD or cellophane sheet requires an expertise hand and some mechanical devices so cannot be constructed at home.

For the shadow to be visible, we always require two things. 1. An opaque object 2. Source of light. But ball and table in a dark room, building at night will not cast shadow as there is no source of light. Tree is     an opaque object and on sunny day, sunlight is also there. So we can see a shadow in this case.

Mirror is glass whose one side is painted so that it acts as a shiny reflecting surface and forms images. If its painted surface is not even and smooth throughout, it forms disturbed images. So it is a reflecting  surface and not an absorbing one.

Plane mirror forms an image which is erect, regular and virtual. Also it gives the same colour to the image as that of the object. A wooden log is brown in colour resulting in a brown coloured image.

Plane mirror forms an image which is erect, regular and virtual.

</div>|    <div align="justify">    Allow light to pass through clearly     able to see thought
</div>|    <div align="justify">    Water, air glass, cellophane,     plastic sheet
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Also mirror produces image by the reflection of light. So it is the glass which is transparent and is matched incorrectly to opaque objects.

Light rays always travel in a straight line. Those rays can pass through the transparent objects like glass, lens etc. get reflected when strike the mirror surface and can not pass through the opaque objects.

To show clear image surface of the objects should be smoothCoarse and shining. A rough or coarse surface can never give a clear image as the reflection of light will be irregular from such surfaces. Such kind of surfaces are created deliberately in circus or the fun glass house etc.

To make a pinhole camera, one needs two cardboard boxes a scale to measure the length to cut out the boxes and a tracing paper which acts as a translucent screen in the camera.

Carbon paper, wood and cardboard are opaque objects which cannot form images, whereas silvered glass refers to an object which is painted on one side, the other surface of which can act as a reflecting surface, thus acting as a mirror.