Verbal Ability (Mixed)

 Despondence means ' a condition more severe than despair'. Exultant means elated or jubilant.

 Villainous means 'someone with evil intentions'. Sinister, hideous and odious also mean 'evil, bad or hateful'.

The meaning of the given word is 'very strict, earnest, persist'. The opposie in meaning would to be 'to stop or discontinue something'.

 The relationship is quality : metal or anything.  All the options state the quality of the word placed next to it, except option 1. Blind is not a quality of beetle.

Philanthropism, Altruism, and Liberalism are generally positive or constructive social/philosophical concepts. Exclusivism refers to the practice of excluding others, making it the odd one out in this context.

 The relationship is of two opposite personalities. Genial is someone who is friendly and cheerful and peevish is someone who is cross. Option 3 also contains opposite personalities but in a reverse order.

 All options except option 4 represent people who are hard task masters and want precision in accomplishment.  All the bossess need not be hard taskmasters.

 All except option 4 can be connected with humans. Turpentine can  be connected only with trees.

 Noisy, stentorian and obstreperous all mean 'loud noise'. Quiescent mans 'quiet, rest'.

 Immutable means 'unchangeable'. 

 Propitious means 'presenting favourable conditions', that is the right time to do something. Opportune also has the same meaning.

 Rife means 'abundant; rampant means 'widespread'.

Addled and perspicacious are antonymous (one is keen understanding; the other is confused). Likewise, all options are antonymous, except that in option 2, the relationship is reversed ( negative: positive).

 Nonpareil means 'an unequal person or thing'.

 Eulogistic pertains to 'eulogy', i.e 'in praise of someone or something'. Sardonic means mockery or scornful.

 'Con' means 'altogether' (convoy, convocation); 'dign' comes from 'dignity' or 'worthy'. The meaning of 'condign' is 'well-deserved'. Hence, 'merited' is the correct answer.

 Abortive can be understood by 'Ab' means  away (e.g abscond); 'oriri' means appear, born or arise' ( e.g origin), it means ' to disappear or drive away'. 

 Risque means ' daringly close to impropriety'; salubrious means ' towards health or welfare'.

 The relationship is adjective : noun. Semite is a noun pertaining to 'semitic'.

 Esoteric and Arcane are virtually synonymous( intellectually changing); so are pernicious and internecine(harmful).

 'Inordinate' means more than normal. The sentence suggests an abnormal fondness for candies.

 Macabre pertains to the horrifying  truth of death. Anything that paints an ugly picture representing death is related to 'macabre'.

 The relationship between the first pair is that of opposite words. The closest opposite  word  to 'immutable' is change.

 The sentence suggests that the discovery made a huge impact. The closest word to 'huge' is 'momentous'.

 Indomitable means 'that cannot be subdued or overcome', like a person's will.