C Programming

In C programming, static and global arrays are automatically initialized to zero if no explicit initialization is provided.

A 16-bit signed integer uses one bit for sign, leaving 15 bits for magnitude. The maximum value is 2^15 - 1 = 32767. This is a standard limit in older C implementations with 16-bit ints.

The expression (a!=10) evaluates to 1 (true). Because of short-circuit evaluation in the AND operator, (b=50) is evaluated, which returns 50 (true). The result of 1 && 1 is 1.

In C, the format specifier for an unsigned long integer is %lu.

gets() is a standard library function used to read a string from standard input until a newline character is encountered. It is generally faster for reading strings compared to character-by-character functions like getchar().

The format string in printf() can contain ordinary characters (which are printed), conversion specifications (starting with %), and escape sequences (like \n).

The expression *(num + 4) is equivalent to num[4]. In the array {24, 32, 12, 44, 56, 17}, the element at index 4 is 56.

The expression *(num + 0) is equivalent to num[0]. In the array {24, 32, 12, 44, 56, 17}, the element at index 0 is 24.

In C programming, the declaration char *ch defines ch as a pointer to a character, meaning ch stores the memory address of a character variable.

gets() is the appropriate function to read a string containing spaces from the keyboard into a character array.

In C, when dividing an integer by a floating-point number, the integer is promoted to a float, resulting in a floating-point division. 15 / 10.0 = 1.5.

In C, array indexing num[i] is defined as *(num + i), which adds the offset i to the base address of the array and dereferences it.

A signed short integer uses 16 bits: one bit for sign, 15 for magnitude. Range is -2^15 to 2^15-1, which is -32768 to 32767. Options A, B, and C represent unsigned or incorrect ranges.

To swap two variables (a and b), you typically use one temporary variable (temp = a; a = b; b = temp;). While XOR swapping can be done with zero extra variables, the standard algorithmic approach taught in introductory programming uses one.

Following BODMAS/PEMDAS: (3+3)=6, (2-1)=1. Then 12/6=2. Finally 9 - 2*1 = 7.

In C, a pointer variable is declared by placing an asterisk before the variable name, such as float *ptr.

In C, array indexing starts at 0. The 3rd element is at index 2, which is accessed via *(s+2).

The asterisk (*) operator, when used in pointer notation, is the dereference operator, which retrieves the value stored at the memory address held by the pointer.

Pointers allow functions to modify variables defined outside their local scope by passing the memory address of those variables.

The getchar() function is specifically designed to read a single character from the standard input.

The declaration float *s defines s as a pointer to a float, meaning it holds the memory address where a float value is stored.

The expression &i gets the address of i, and *(&i) dereferences that address to get the value of i, which is 3.

The scanf() function is the standard library function used to read formatted input, including integers, from the keyboard.