Inorganic Salts and Their Applications

Sodium ascorbate is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement. The molecular formula of this chemical compound is C₆H₇NaO₆. As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), it is known as a mineral ascorbate.

Sodium bismuthate is a slightly hygroscopic chemical compound with the chemical formula of NaBiO₃. It is an oxidizer. It is not soluble in cold water. It also decomposes when placed in acids. It is one of the few sodium compounds that do not dissolve in water. Sodium bismuthate is commercially used in manganese testing.

Disodium inosinate (E631) is the disodium salt of inosinic acid with the chemical formula C₁₀H₁₁N₄Na₂O₈P. It is used as a food additive and often found in instant noodles, potato chips, and variety of other snacks.

The chemical compound calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. It has the formula Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂. In kidney disease, blood levels of phosphate may rise (called hyperphosphatemia) leading to bone problems. Calcium acetate binds phosphate in the diet to lower blood phosphate levels. Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, as a stabilizer, buffer and sequestrant, mainly in candy products. 

Calcium iodate is a compound of calcium and iodate anion. Its formula is Ca(IO₃)₂. It is used as a dough conditioner. Calcium iodate is an oxidant added to lotions and ointments as an antiseptic and deodorant. It may be formed by the anodic oxidation of calcium iodide.

Calcium 2-aminoethylphosphate (Ca-AEP or Ca-2AEP) is a vital component in the structure of cell membranes in the human body. It is the calcium salt of phosphorylethanolamine. Ca-AEP has been shown to help maintain cell membrane integrity and improve cellular functions.

Magnesium chloride is used for a variety of other applications besides the production of magnesium: the manufacture of textiles, paper, fireproofing agents, cements and refrigeration brine, and dust and erosion control. Mixed with hydrated magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride forms a hard material called Sorel cement.

Calcium ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC₁₂H₁₄O₁₂. It is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid, one of the mineral ascorbates. As a food additive, it has the E number E302. Among its many uses is to keep apples fresh, so they do not turn brown quickly.

Magnesium oxide is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. It has an empirical formula of MgO. It is relatively poor dessicant, but because it neutralizes sulphur oxide acids created by oxidation of Kraft-processed papers, it is used by many libraries for preserving books.

Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It is a colourless crystal or white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide is mixed with water. One significant application of calcium hydroxide is as a flocculant, in water and sewage treatment.

Sodium arsenite is a compound with formula NaAsO₂. It is the sodium salt of arsenous acid. It is a crystalline solid consisting of sodium cations, Na⁺ and catena-arsenite anions, [AsO₂]n−
n, which are infinite -O-As(=O)- chains, similar in structure to selenium dioxide, SeO₂. It is a pesticide.

Magnesium citrate, a magnesium salt of citric acid, is a chemical agent used medicinally as a saline laxative and to completely empty the bowel prior to a major surgery or colonoscopy.

Magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound containing magnesium, sulphur and oxygen. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate epsomite (MgSO₄·7H₂O), commonly called Epsom salt. Anhydrous magnesium sulphate is used as a drying agent.

Calcium erythorbate is a food additive. Chemically, it is the calcium salt of erythorbic acid. As an antioxidant structurally related to vitamin C, it helps to improve flavour stability and prevents the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Magnesium L-threonate is a magnesium salt of L-threonic acid having the formula Mg(C₄H₇O₅)₂. Researchers have found that magnesium L-threonate administered to rats significantly boosts their cognitive abilities, and suggest that the same effect may occur in humans, although this remains to be tested.

Calcium bromide is the calcium salt of hydrobromic acid with the chemical formula of CaBr₂. In its solid state, it is a white powder. CaBr₂ can be found in drilling fluids, neuroses medication, freezing mixtures, food preservatives, photography and fire retardants.

Potassium benzoate, the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It works best in low-pH products, below 4.5, where it exists as benzoic acid. Acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbonic acid), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), and pickles (vinegar) may be preserved with potassium benzoate.

Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) is an inorganic compound containing potassium cations and the tetraiodomercurate(II) complex anion. It is mainly used as nessler's reagent, a 0.09 mol/L solution of potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) (K₂[HgI₄]) in 2.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide, used to detect ammonia.

Potassium azide is a chemical compound having formula KN₃. It is the potassium salt of hydrazoic acid and crystallises in a tetragonal structure. 

Potassium hexachloroplatinate, an inorganic compound, is an example of a comparatively insoluble potassium salt.The precipitation of this compound from solutions of hexachloroplatinic acid is used for the determination of potassium by gravimetry.

Potassium canrenoate is an aldosterone antagonist. Like spironolactone, it is a pro drug, which is metabolised to canrenone in the body.

Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, has formula KC₄H₅O₆. It is a byproduct of winemaking. In cooking, it is known as cream of tartar. It is a potassium acid salt of tartaric acid, a carboxylic acid (the other being potassium tartrate).

Potassium gluconate is a mineral supplement and sequestrant. Potassium gluconate is a loosely bound salt of potassium and gluconic acid. Potassium is essential to life. It is involved with sodium in maintaining the body's acid-base balance and promoting physiological and metabolic processes.

Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO₄) or KTP is a non-linear optical material which is commonly used for frequency doubling diode pumped solid-state lasers such as Nd:YAG and other neodymium-doped lasers. The material has a relatively high optical damage threshold (~15 J/cm²), a great optical non linearity and excellent thermal stability in theory.

Potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) is a yellow chemical indicator used for identifying concentrations of chloride ions in a salt solution with silver nitrate. It is a carcinogen and can cause cancer on inhalation.