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Critical Reasoning - Reading Comprehension Test

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following regarding Confucius is true as per the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question based on the passage.

PASSAGE – I

God appeared to man, then, as a pure and permanent essence, placing himself before him as a monarch before his servant, and expressing himself now through the mouth of poets, legislators, and soothsayers, musa, nomos, numen; now through the popular voice. This may serve, among other things, to explain the existence of true and false oracles; why individuals secluded from birth do not attain of themselves to the idea of God, while they eagerly grasp it as soon as it is presented to them by the collective mind; why, finally, stationary races, like the Chinese, end by losing it.

In the first place, as to oracles, it is clear that all their accuracy depends upon the universal conscience which inspires them; and, as to the idea of God, it is easily seen why isolation and status quo are alike fatal to it. On the one hand, absence of communication keeps the mind absorbed in animal self-contemplation; on the other, absence of motion, gradually changing social life into mechanical routine, finally eliminates the idea of will and providence.

The Chinese have preserved in their traditions the remembrance of a religion which had ceased to exist among them five or six centuries before our era. More surprising still is it that this singular people, in losing its primitive faith, seems to have understood that divinity is simply the collective me of humanity: so that, more than two thousand years ago, China had reached, in its commonly-accepted belief, the latest results of the philosophy of the Occident. "e; What Heaven sees and understands,"e; it is written in the Shu-king, "e;is only that which the people see and understand. What the people deem worthy of reward and punishment is that which Heaven wishes to punish and reward”. Confucius expressed:  "e;Gain the affection of the people, and you gain empire.  Lose the affection of the people, and you lose empire."e; There, then, general reason was regarded as queen of the world, a distinction which elsewhere has been bestowed upon revelations. The Tao-te-king is still more explicit. In this work, which is but an outline criticism of pure reason, the philosopher Lao-tse continually identifies, under the name of Tao, universal reason and the infinite being; and all the obscurity of the book of Lao-tse consists, in my opinion, of this constant identification of principles which our religious and metaphysical habits have so widely separated.
  1. Confucius believed in God and his power.
  2. Confucius was a political thinker, who propagated the truth that affection of the people can give one power.
  3. Confucius held similar views regarding the relation of people and God as Shu-king.
  4. Confucius' views were in accordance with the popular beliefs regarding God.
  5. Confucius supported the idea of perpetuation of the empire.
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