The Union Executive of India

As per the Articles 352, 356 and 360 in the Constitution of India, the President of India has been given extraordinary power to declare emergency to meet any kind of threat to the country. Those powers to the President of India in the constitution are called emergency provisions.

Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy was the sixth and the youngest ever President of India, serving from 1977 to 1982. Over the course of a long political career, he held several key offices, as the first and two-time Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and a two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Union Minister. He remains the only person to be elected to the office of the President of India unopposed.

The Vice President holds office for five years. He/she can be re-elected any number of times. There is no boundation for the number of tenures he can serve. However, the office may be terminated earlier by death, resignation or removal.

The President of India will submit resignation to the Vice President.
Article 56 of the Indian constitution makes it clear that the term of the President is five years from the date on which he enters the office. His term may terminate earlier
(i) by resignation addressed to the Vice President
(ii) by removal by impeachment for violation of the constitution

There is no constitutional provision for impeachment of the prime minister in the strict meaning of the word, which is a formal process of initiating accusation of unlawful activities and removal from office. The prime minister gets removed from his post with a simple no confidence motion passed by majority of the elected MPs, i.e. when he ceases to be the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha.

The president of India is the Union executive. It has been stated in Article 53 (1) of the Constitution that “the executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution.” This makes it evident that the President is the head of the Government.

 Article 124(2): Clause (2) of Article 124 is as follows:
“Every Judge of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with such of the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts in the States as the President may deem necessary for the purpose and shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-five years; provided that in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of India shall always be consulted.”

According to Article 111 of the Indian Constitution, when a Bill has been passed by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the President, and the President shall declare either that he assents to the Bill or that he withholds assent therefrom:
Provided that the President may, as soon as possible after the presentation to him of a Bill for assent, return the Bill, if it is not a Money Bill, to the Houses with a message requesting that they will reconsider the Bill or any specified provisions thereof and, in particular, will consider the desirability of introducing any such amendments as he may recommend in his message, and when a Bill is so returned, the Houses shall reconsider the Bill accordingly, and if the Bill is passed again by the Houses with or without amendment and presented to the President for assent, the President shall not withhold assent therefrom.

Picked for the presidency by the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, in 1974, and on 20 August 1974, he became the second Muslim to be elected President. He is known to have issued the proclamation of emergency.

Members of the Lok Sabha are elected, not appointed, by the common people of the nation. Hence, the President does not have any power to appoint or dismiss them. They can only be suspended from the Lok Sabha by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha on the grounds of misbehavior.

Prime Minister is de facto head of state. He controls and commands the governemnt. In times of war he and defence minister controls armed forces. De facto, means "in practice, but not necessarily ordained by law". So in India, Prime Minister is the most powerful.

The President is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice of India (or in his absence, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court), an oath or affirmation that he/she shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution.