Animal Kingdom - Zoology Basics

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Cretaceous Period, in geologic time, the last of the three periods of the Mesozoic Era. The Cretaceous began 145.0 million years ago and ended 66 million years ago.

Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type sponges.

Anticoagulants (antithrombics) are a class of drugs that work to prevent the coagulation (clotting) of blood. Such substances occur naturally in leeches and blood-sucking insects.

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The placenta (also known as afterbirth) is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fight against internal infection and produce hormones to support pregnancy.

Lungfish (also known as salamanderfish) are freshwater fish belonging to the subclass Dipnoi.

Hemotoxins, haemotoxins or hematotoxins are toxins that destroy red blood cells (that is, cause hemolysis), disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized tissue damage.

The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems (evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.

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Eyelids are absent in snakes.

Proterospongia is a genus of single-celled aquatic organisms which form colonies. It belongs to the choanoflagellate class of the protist kingdom — the protist class considered the closest living relatives of the animals

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The sporozoites are carried by the blood to the liver, where they mature into forms known as schizonts.

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The phenomenon in which one generation of certain plants and animals reproduces asexually, followed by a sexually reproducing generation. Also known as alternation of generations.

early developmental larval stages (first and second) of soil-borne nematodes such as Necator, Ancylostoma, and Strongyloides, which precede the infectious third-stage filariform larva.

Cerci are the two little hairs on the rear end of a cockroach. They act like a motion detector. When something tries to sneak up on a cockroach, the cerci detect the slightest breeze or movement, and alert the cockroach to run in the opposite direction.

A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods such as crustaceans and arachnids.