Control and Coordination in Plants and Animals

Presence of nervous system in the form of dorsal nerve cord is one of the fundamental characters of chordates.The dorsal nerve cord is later modified in vertebrates into the central nervous system which is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Dorsal nerve cord is mainly found in subphylum Vertebrata.

Epididymis is a part of male reproductive system. It is not a part of the nervous system.

Peripheral nervous system consists of spinal nerves only.The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Vagus nerve controls sound production. It supplies the muscles of larynx.

Chewing is a voluntary action, not a reflex action.Through the process of mastication or chewing, teeth physically break down the tough tissues of meats and fibers of plants into smaller particles. 

During depolarisation, permeability of neuron increases towards Na+, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on.

2,4–D is a synthetic plant hormone. It is a synthetic auxin (plant hormone) and one of the most widely used herbicides in the world.

The largest cranial nerve in human beings is the trigeminal nerve. It has three major branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2), and the mandibular nerve (V3).

Cytokinins are known to delay senescence in leaf tissues and promote mitosis. Cytokinins act in concert with auxin, another plant growth hormone. The two are complementary, having generally opposite effects.

Endocrine glands are those glands which secrete their fluids into blood through ECF. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.

Prohormones are inactive form of hormones.  Though not hormones themselves, prohormones amplify the effects of existing hormones.

The largest endocrine gland is thyroid gland where as pancreas are largest heterocrine gland of the body.

Gibberellic acid is the hormone which promotes internodal elongation. It can stimulate rapid stem and root growth, induce mitotic division in the leaves of some plants and increase seed germination rate.

The eye ball is moved by a set of 6 muscles.Four of the extraocular muscles control the movement of the eye in the four cardinal directions: up, down, left and right. The remaining two muscles control the adjustments involved in counteracting head movement; for instance this can be observed by looking into one's own eyes in a mirror while moving one's head.

Pons is the respiratory centre of the human body. It is part of the brainstem, and in humans, it lies between the midbrain (above) and the medulla oblongata (below) and in front of the cerebellum.

Neuron is the longest cell of an animal's body. A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

Swallowing centre is situated in medulla. It includes the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), the nucleus ambiguus of the vagus (NA) and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS).

 The study of nervous system and its disorders is called neurology. Neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous system (and its subdivisions, the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system); including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle.

Occipital lobes perceive the sensation of sight in human beings. The occipital lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.

Brain stem contains pons and medulla oblongata. It has many basic functions including heart rate, breathing, sleeping and eating.