Mineral Nutrition in Plants

 Ca is a macronutrient. Rest other options are micronutrients.

Nickel is a non essential micronutrient. Rest options are  elements essential for plant growth which are needed in only very small (micro) quantities.

Mg and Fe helps in the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants.Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO2 and water. This process is known as photosynthesis and is the basis for sustaining the life processes of all plants.

 Plants require expenditure of energy for the active uptake of minerals.It is in the form of ATP.

The mineral element calcium is essential for root growth. It is one of the macronutrient.

 Microelements in plants act as cofactors of enzymes.they are boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni).

Carbon is the most abundant element found in plants.Plants acquire carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis.

 Pea plant can fix nitrogen from air.Nitrogen fixation is a process in which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium (NH4+) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Among the following plant nutrients, calcium is a macronutrient. Rest other options are micronutrients.

 C, H, O and N are the most abundant elements in the living cells.

 Grana are absent in the chloroplast of algae.They have starch-accumulating structures called pyrenoids.

Deficiency of phosphorus causes premature leaf fall in plants. 

 The process of conversion of ammonia to nitrite by microbes is called nitrification.The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.

Minerals are absorbed by the process of active transport. Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against their concentration gradient, i.e. moving from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

 Air is the largest reservoir of nitrogen.

  K+ ions controls the stomatal movement in plants. Basically Opening and closure of the stomatal pore is mediated by changes in the turgor pressure of the two guard cells.

 The enzyme nitrogenase is  required for nitrogen fixation.All nitrogenases have an iron- and sulfur-containing cofactor that includes a heterometal complex in the active site (e.g., FeMoCo). 

 Rhizobium is a nitrogen fixing bacterium.they are Gram-negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.

 Boron is useful in seed germination. It is also essential for seed and cell wall formation.