Reproduction in Plants - 2

Raising of plants from a small tissue in culture is called micro propagation.It is used to multiply novel plants, such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods.

Egg represents the female gamete of angiosperms.Female gametophyte formation is required for sexual and asexual seed development in angiosperms.

The branch of botany comprising the artificial cultivation of cells into mature fruit forming plants is known as tissue culture. Single cells, plant cells without cell walls (protoplasts), pieces of leaves, stems or roots can often be used to generate a new plant on culture media given the required nutrients and plant hormones.

Triticale is a manmade cereal not found in nature.Triticale is a hybrid of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale).

Sexual reproduction in plants can take place with corns and rhizomes.

A disease free plant can be produced by the method of tissue culture.Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.

Flower is a modified shoot.The sepals and petals may be regarded as modified leaves. Stamens and carpels also show some resemblance to leaves in position, arrangement, internal structure and development.

Explant is the part of a plant which is used for culturing. It can be a portion of the shoot, leaves, or some cells from a plant, or can be any part of the tissue from an animal, or from umblical cord tissue.

Stamen is a male reproductive part of a flower.A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia.

The pollen grains are produced in pollen sac. In angiosperms there are usually four pollen sacs in each anther; they contain the microspore mother cells. In gymnosperms variable numbers of pollen sacs are borne on the microsporophylls that make up the male cone.

Megaspore is a part of female reproductive system.These are fertilized by sperm produced by the male gametophyte developing from the microspore.

Pollination performed by bats is called cheiropterophily.Bat pollination is most common in tropical and desert areas that have many night-blooming plants.

Stamens and carpels are reproductive parts of a flower.A stamen typically consists of a filament bearing two chambered anthers which contain pollen. The pistil consists of one or more carpels, each consisting of an ovary, style and stigma.

The fruit develops from ovary.

The pollination of anther through water is called hydrophily.It can occur in one of two ways. Either the pollen grains themselves are carried on or under the surface of the water, or the male flowers break off and float along until they come into contact with a female flower.

Pollen obtains its nutrition from tapetum.The tapetum is a layer of nutritive cells found within the sporangium, particularly within the anther, of flowering plants.

Cotyledon stores food in germinating seed.Species with one cotyledon are called monocotyledonous ("monocots") and Plants with two embryonic leaves are termedas dicotyledonous.

Grafting is not possible in monocots as they lack cambium as it helps in binding the two parts of the stem.

The propagation of plants by tissue culture technique is becoming popular because the plants produced have uniform growth and productivity characteristics.

Ovule integument gets transformed into seed coat. It is The outer protective covering of a seed.,Also called testa.