Transportation in Plants and Animals - 1

Exosmosis causes plasmolysis. It is due to outward movement of water from cell.

From stomata, maximum loss of water through transpiration take place.Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves.

Excretion of sap is not a function of transpiration. Rest all options are its functions.

Phloem helps in the bidirectional translocation of minerals.It consists of: conducting cells, generally called sieve elements; parenchyma cells, including both specialized companion cells or albuminous cells and unspecialized cells; and supportive cells, such as fibres and sclereids.

The function of hairs present on the leaf surface is to reduce transpiration.They are also known as Trichomes.

Option (1) is the correct answer.

Blood pressure is measured by an instrument called sphygmomanometer. It is composed of an inflatable cuff to restrict blood flow and a mercury or mechanical manometer to measure the pressure.

If the vagus branch of frog is stimulated, the heart beat willI be decreased due to its parasympathetic action.

In adult humans, red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow in the heads of long bones in a process known as hematopoiesis.

Heart of a fish is special because it has venous blood only as they have a closed-loop circulatory system.

The opening of truncus arteriosus in frog is guarded by three semilunar valves.

Heart beat is heard on left side as aorta is on left side.

Bicuspid valves are present in between left atrium and left ventricle.It has two cusps, or leaflets,the anteromedial leaflet and the posterolateral leaflet that guard the opening.

Tricuspid valves are present in between right atrium and right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium.

Left ventricle has the thickest walls, as it has to pump the blood to whole body.

Red blood cells of camel possesses nucleus. Camels have to live without food and water for a long time. So, their red blood cells have to divide and form new cells. Only nucleated cells can divide.

Mammalian erythrocytes have short life span due to absence of nucleus.

Thrombocytes are the blood cells whose function is to stop bleeding.

Blood clotting cannot take place in the absence of vitamin k. It is an important factor in clotting cascade.

Heart of man is myogenic. Myogenic contraction refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte cell itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.