Biology Test - 6

Because they are photosynthetic and aquatic, cyanobacteria are often called "blue-green algae". This name is convenient for talking about organisms in the water that make their own food, but does not reflect any relationship between the cyanobacteria and other organisms called algae.

A food chain starts from autotrophs or plants.

 Sieve tubes are present in phloem. The main function of sieve tubes is conduction of food.

A dehydrogenase (also called DH or DHase in the literature) is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that removes one or more hydrogens from a substrate to an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.

Rennet is curdled milk from the stomach of an unweaned calf, containing rennin and used in curdling milk for cheese.

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells.

Gregor Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments because they are easy to raise, have many offspring per mating, can fertilize themselves and have varieties in genotype and phenotype that are easily observable. These characteristics make pea plants ideal in the study of genetics and heredity.

Karyokinesis is the division of a cell nucleus during mitosis.

The QuiescentcCentre is a group of cells, up to 1,000 in number, in the form of a hemisphere, with the flat face towards the root tip.

Turpentine is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from live trees, mainly pines. It is mainly used as a solvent.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed. This process, which takes place in mitochondria, is the major source of ATP in aerobic organisms.

Oscillatoria is a genus of filamentous cyanobacterium which is named after the oscillation in its movement.

By fermentation, the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols. For thousands of years, the carbon dioxide has been used in baking and the alcohol in alcoholic beverages.

The bacterium Acetobacter aceti is excellent at metabolizing ethanol into acetic acid.

A telocentric chromosome's centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome.

In 1955, Christian de Duve discovered previously unknown organelles in the cell, lysosomes.

Triticum aestivum is hexaploid.

Cytochrome acts as an electron carrier in both photosynthesis and respiration.

There are two types of ecosystems, closed and open. Closed ecosystems are ones that do not have any inputs (exchanges of energy from the surrounding environment) or outputs (exchanges of energy from within the ecosystem). Open ecosystems are ones that have both inputs and outputs.

A dehydrogenase (also called DH or DHase in the literature) is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that removes one or more hydrogens from a substrate to an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.

In mitosis, plectonemic coiling takes place, in which sister chromatids are tightly coiled upon each other and are not easily separable. Paranemic coiling is found in meiosis.

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. In 1920, W. W. Garner and H. A. Allard published their discoveries on photoperiodism.

Pasteurization is a heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in foods and beverages. The temperature required in pasteurization is 60^o - 70^o C for 30 minutes.

Food chain has maximum 3 - 4 levels because at each step, energy is lost.

An apogamy is the development of 1n sporophytes without gametes.

Cellulose is the structural form of glucose found in plants and starch is the storage form of glucose found in plants.

Pulses are rich in proteins.

Cellulose is a homopolysaccharide of glucose.

Anisogamy is sexual reproduction by the fusion of dissimilar gametes. This is shown by mucor.

As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis.