Computers Basics

A data centre is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems, providing a centralized repository for data.

In secure messaging systems, messages are encrypted using the recipient's public key to ensure that only the holder of the corresponding private key can decrypt and read the message, thus protecting confidentiality.

In dial-up remote access, a client uses a modem (not listed in options) to create a physical connection. LAN is a local network, not a dial-up method. PLAN is not a standard networking term. Bank's branch network is unrelated to dial-up technology.

Verisign is a well-known company that provides digital certificates and security services to verify the identity and security of websites on the internet.

Booting is the process of starting a computer. It involves loading the operating system into the computer's main memory so that it can execute programs.

ATMs can operate in offline mode, where they do not connect to the host bank server in real time for every transaction. This is often used in remote areas or during network outages.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) requires primary memory (RAM) to store the instructions and data it is currently processing. Other options like Monitor or User do not directly utilize primary memory in this context.

Audit approaches in IT environments include auditing 'around' the computer (treating it as a black box) and 'through' the computer (examining the internal logic and controls). Therefore, both are valid approaches.

Bus topology is a decentralised topology where all nodes connect to a central cable. Loop (ring) topology is also decentralised as each node connects to two others. Centralised controlling topologies include star and hierarchical where one node controls communication.

Pentium processors contain millions of transistors, ranging from about 3 million in early versions to much more in later versions. 'Several million' is the most accurate description. One or one hundred transistors is far too few for a CPU.

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the component of a CPU that performs arithmetic operations like addition. While ALUs can add any numbers, binary addition (adding 2 numbers) is fundamental to how computers process information. The other options (4, 5, 6) are not standard ways to describe ALU functionality.

ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was the first wide-area packet-switched network and is widely recognized as the precursor to the modern internet.

The K.S. Shere committee was established by the Reserve Bank of India to study and make recommendations regarding the implementation of Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) systems in the banking sector.

Internet Explorer (IE) is a web browser. Windows 98, 2000, and 95 are operating systems, not web browsers.

In computing, a byte is the standard unit of digital information and is defined as a group of 8 bits.

WAIS stands for Wide Area Information Server (or System), which was an early system for indexing and searching information over a network.

DOS and WINDOWS are operating systems. ORACLE is a relational database management system (RDBMS), making it the odd one out.

In Microsoft Word, pressing Ctrl + Delete removes the word to the right of the cursor, rather than a single letter or a full sentence.

Online UPS systems are preferred in banking because they provide continuous, clean power by converting incoming AC to DC and then back to AC, protecting sensitive equipment from power fluctuations.

Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located close to or inside the CPU to store frequently accessed data, significantly improving overall system performance.

In mail merge, a data source contains variable information (like names, addresses, or even graphics) that changes for each recipient in the merged document.

While cartridge tape capacities vary significantly by generation, 400 MB is a common historical figure often cited in older textbooks for specific tape standards.

A hardware interrupt is triggered by external hardware devices (like a hard disk or keyboard). A program error (like division by zero) triggers a software interrupt or exception, not a hardware interrupt.