Indian Freedom Struggle and Modern History

Annie Besant, along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak, played a crucial role in the Lucknow Pact of 1916, which brought the Extremists and Moderates back together within the Indian National Congress.

Jyotiba Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 in Maharashtra to focus on education and social rights for marginalized groups.

The resolution of Swadeshi was formally adopted at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress in 1906, presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in 1919 as a protest against the brutal Jallianwalla Bagh massacre in Amritsar.

Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie was a British official who served as an adviser to the Secretary of State for India. He was assassinated by Madan Lal Dhingra in London in 1909.

Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner was awarded the China Medal for his participation in the Boxer Rebellion (China War) of 1900, where he led the Bikaner Camel Corps.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati, the founder of the Arya Samaj, was known as the Hindu Luther of Northern India due to his reformist zeal and rejection of ritualistic idolatry, mirroring Martin Luther's role in the Reformation.

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi by revolutionaries including Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. Lord Dufferin served as the Viceroy and Governor General of India from 1884 to 1888.

The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was a protest by peasants against the British Government's insistence on collecting full land revenue despite crop failure.

Dadabhai Naoroji formulated the drain theory in his paper titled On the Commerce of India, which he presented to the East India Association in 1867.

The Partition of Bengal in 1905 by Lord Curzon sparked widespread protests and gave significant impetus to the Swadeshi movement and militant nationalism.

The Simon Commission was boycotted by the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League (led by Jinnah), and the Liberal Federation because it lacked any Indian members.

Kasturba Gandhi passed away on February 22, 1944, while she was imprisoned with Mahatma Gandhi at the Aga Khan Palace in Pune.

The Cabinet Mission of 1946 consisted of three members: Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander. Lord Birkenhead was not a member.

The Hindu Mahasabha, along with the Congress and other groups, supported the boycott of the Simon Commission, while some other parties like the Justice Party did not.

The Direct Action Day, called by the Muslim League on August 16, 1946, to demand a separate Pakistan, led to massive communal violence in Calcutta.

After the 1857 revolt, the British realized the importance of the landed aristocracy and restored the rights of the Awadh Talluqdars, turning them into loyal allies to maintain stability.

The resolution for the Non-Cooperation Movement was formally passed at the special session of the Congress held in Calcutta in September 1920, presided over by Lala Lajpat Rai.

Gandhi first used hunger strike as a weapon during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike in 1918 to support the workers' demands for better wages.

The Government of India Act of 1935 is often described as introducing constitutional autocracy because it concentrated significant power in the hands of the Governor-General and Governors despite introducing some provincial autonomy.

The Quit India Movement was not supported by the Communist Party of India, the Hindu Mahasabha, or the Unionist Party in Punjab, as they had different political agendas or strategic reasons at the time.