Indian History

The Dharmopanchas (or Dharmadesas) served as religious authorities and scholars in the Vijayanagar administration. They adjudicated disputes related to social customs, religious practices, inheritance, and dharmic law, functioning as the judiciary for socio-religious matters.

Swami Vivekananda delivered his historic speech at the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 (close of the 19th century). His speeches and personality won international recognition for India's ancient philosophical heritage and civilization. This was at a time when India was just beginning to articulate its claim to nationhood. Sir Valentine Chirol, a British journalist, recognized this significance. Gandhi came later, Tagore gained fame in the 20th century, and Gokhale was primarily a political leader within India.

William Digby, a British MP and journalist, wrote extensively on famines in British India, particularly in his work analyzing the devastating famines of 1876-78 and 1899-1900. He criticized British economic policies and the laissez-faire approach that exacerbated these crises. His writings highlighted how colonial revenue policies prioritized extraction over famine prevention.

The Simon Commission visited India in 1928 to report on the political situation. Lord Irwin was the Viceroy of India from 1926 to 1931.

The temples at Halebid (Hoysaleswara temple) and Belur (Chennakeshava temple) are masterpieces of Hoysala architecture, built by the Hoysala Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Kabir, the 15th-century mystic poet and saint, was known for his radical criticism of religious rituals and idol worship. His verses often emphasize the formless nature of God.

The most prominent deities in the Rig Veda are Indra (god of war and thunder), Agni (fire god), and Varuna (god of cosmic order). These three receive the largest number of hymns and are considered the primary Vedic deities.

The Tomb of Akbar the Great is an important Mughal architectural masterpiece, built 1605–1613, in Sikandra, a suburb of Agra.

Amir Khusrau was a prolific poet and scholar who served under the Delhi Sultanate. He is renowned for his contributions to Persian literature and is often called the father of qawwali.

Mahaprajapati Gautami, the Buddha's foster mother, was the first woman to request ordination. After initial hesitation, the Buddha allowed the formation of the order of nuns (bhikkhunis) through her persistence.

Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh military commander who led a campaign against the Mughal Empire. He was captured and executed in Delhi in 1716 by the order of the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar.

Sant Namdev was a prominent Marathi saint-poet from the Varkari tradition. His devotional poetry, known as abhangs, is written in the Marathi language.

The Charter Act of 1813 was the first legislative measure that provided for an annual grant of one lakh rupees for the promotion of education in British India.

King George V visited India in 1911 for the Delhi Durbar. At that time, Lord Hardinge was the Viceroy of India.

The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a nonviolent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi. It began on March 12, 1930, and ended on April 6, 1930.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhi in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura violence, where protesters set fire to a police station killing 22 officers. Gandhi felt the movement had lost its non-violent character. Option B (1820) is clearly a typo.

The province of Bihar and Orissa was separated from the Bengal Presidency in 1912, following the announcement at the Delhi Durbar in 1911.

Gautama Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana (death) at Kushinagara, which is located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ramanuja was a prominent philosopher and theologian of the Bhakti movement. He spent a significant portion of his life at the Ranganathaswamy Temple in Srirangam.

The Government of India Act 1935 provided for the establishment of a Federal Court in India, which was inaugurated in 1937.

The tomb of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir is located in Shahdara Bagh, which is a suburb of Lahore, in present-day Pakistan.

Haji Ibrahim Sarhindi was a scholar in Akbar's court who was commissioned to translate the Atharva Veda into Persian.

The Nanda dynasty preceded the Mauryan Empire. Among the options provided, the Nanda dynasty is historically the oldest.