Indian History

Harihara II (1377-1404 CE), one of Vijayanagara's early powerful rulers, captured Goa from the Bahmani Sultanate around 1380 CE. This conquest established Vijayanagara control over this strategic west-coast port, which was crucial for trade access to the Arabian Sea and served as an important commercial hub.

Pushyamitra Sunga was the founder of the Sunga dynasty, which came to power after he assassinated the last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, around 185 BCE. He was initially a Mauryan military commander who then established his own rule.

The Indian Republican Army was founded in 1933 at Chittagong by Suryasen.

The Indian Independence League was founded by Rash Behari Bose in 1942 in Japan. It was an organization that aimed to coordinate Indian independence efforts from outside India.

The Charter Act of 1833 abolished the East India Company's remaining trade monopolies, including its exclusive right to trade with China. Earlier acts had progressively ended these monopolies - the 1813 Act ended the Company's monopoly over Indian trade (except tea and China), while the 1833 Act extended this to China as well. This opened Chinese trade to all British merchants and marked the Company's transition to administrative role.

Seleucus I Nicator was a general of Alexander the Great who later established the Seleucid Empire. He famously engaged in a conflict with Chandragupta Maurya, which ended in a treaty and a matrimonial alliance.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 in Pune. The organization aimed to train people for selfless service to the country and promote social and political reform.

The All-India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka in 1906. Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka was one of the primary figures who took the initiative to organize the meeting that led to its formation.

Qutub-ud-din Aibak, a former general of Muhammad Ghori, established the Slave Dynasty and became the first independent Muslim ruler of Delhi in 1206.

Yashodharman of Malwa is credited with defeating the Huna leader Mihirkula, as recorded in the Mandsaur pillar inscription, effectively ending the Huna threat in that region.

While the INC was founded in 1885, the question refers to the 'Indian National Movement' being organized on a mass scale, which gained significant momentum during the Swadeshi movement following the Partition of Bengal in 1905-06.

Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, invaded India in 1739. This falls within the first half of the 18th century.

Lord Dalhousie annexed Oudh (Awadh) in 1856 on the grounds of alleged misgovernance by the Nawab, Wajid Ali Shah, using the Doctrine of Lapse or similar administrative pretexts.

Shilabhadra was the distinguished head of Nalanda university who taught the great Bengali scholar Atisha; Nagarjuna and Vasubandhu were earlier Buddhist philosophers, while Atisha was Shilabhadra's student, not the head himself.

The Indian National Congress split into two factions, the Moderates and the Extremists, during the 1907 session held in Surat, often referred to as the 'Surat Split'.

The Iron Pillar of Delhi is attributed to the Gupta period, specifically the reign of Chandragupta II, due to the style of the Brahmi script and the metallurgical skill displayed.

The Kaulinya system, a social system of hierarchy among Brahmins and Kayasthas in Bengal, was introduced by Ballala Sena of the Sena dynasty.

Qutlugh Khwaja, a Mongol leader, invaded India during the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, specifically around 1299 AD.

The Huna invasions into the Indian subcontinent began during the later stages of the Gupta Empire, specifically during the reign of Skandagupta.

The Kamagata Maru incident, where a ship carrying Indian immigrants was denied entry to Canada and subsequently faced a tragic confrontation upon returning to India, served as a major catalyst for the Gadar movement.

The Saka Era is traditionally believed to have been founded by Kanishka the Great of the Kushana dynasty in 78 AD.

Sangam literature, the ancient Tamil literature of South India, is primarily composed of poetry, specifically the Ettuthogai (Eight Anthologies) and Pattupattu (Ten Idylls).

The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, emphasized monotheism, the worship of one formless God, and rejected idol worship and superstition.