UPSC (History)

Dr. M. A. Ansari presided over the 1927 Madras session of the Indian National Congress, where the decision to boycott the Simon Commission was taken.

Correct option is (3). 

Hostilities broke out in 1686 because Job Charnock led the East India Company forces to sack Hughli after escalating trade disputes with Mughal authorities. This direct military action prompted Aurangzeb to order attacks on company possessions.

Annie Besant was a prominent figure in the Theosophical Society and founded the Madras Hindu Association in 1904 to promote social and religious reform among Hindus in Madras.

In the Gupta period, land grants (agrahara) often included conditions regarding the peasantry. The donee was generally restricted from evicting peasants as long as they fulfilled their tax obligations to the state or the grantee.

 I. Marco Polo
II. Ibn Batuta
III. Nicolo Conti
IV. Abdur Razzaq
V. Nikitin
VI. Barbosa

Kushan rulers like Kanishka, Huvishka, and Vasudeva are well-known for issuing gold and copper coins. They did not issue silver or lead coins in their standard currency system.

Both statements are historically accurate. The bhakti cults often mirrored the political structure of the time, where influence was strongest near the center of the deity's cult and faded as distance increased, similar to the tributary systems of medieval kings.

The Gadkari revolt occurred in 1844 in Kolhapur. It was led by the hereditary military servants (gadkaris) who were in charge of forts and rebelled against the administrative changes and potential disbandment imposed by the minister.

Lord Dalhousie sought to diminish the prestige of the Mughal throne. A key step in this process was the decision to derecognize the imperial title of Bahadur Shah II, effectively reducing his status to that of a mere pensioner.

Humayun assigned provinces to his brothers. Kamran held Kabul and Kandahar, Askari held Sambhal, and Hindal was given Mewat, not Lahore. Therefore, Hindal is the wrongly matched pair.

The Battle of Talikota (1565) was primarily caused by the collective hostility of the Deccani Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, and Bidar) toward the rising power and dominance of the Vijayanagar Empire.

The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced the system of Dyarchy, not the Minto-Morley Reforms. The Minto-Morley Reforms refer to the Indian Councils Act of 1909.

Shivaji's first conflict with the Mughals occurred in 1657 when he raided the Mughal territories in the Deccan while Aurangzeb was preoccupied with the invasion of Bijapur.

Akbar's association with Shahabuddin Khan Atka and Aurangzeb's association with Qazi Abdul Wahab are historically correct. Jahangir's conflict with Jujhar Singh happened later, and Shah Jahan's mother was Jagat Gosain (Jodha Bai), but the pairing format here refers to contemporary figures or relations.

The four clans traditionally identified as Agnikula Rajputs are the Pratiharas, Chauhans (Chahamanas), Paramaras, and Solankis (Chalukyas).

In Mauryan administrative and economic terminology, Panyapattana refers to a market town or a center of trade for commodities.

William Digby was a prominent British journalist and author who extensively documented the devastating impact of Indian famines under British colonial rule, criticizing official economic policies.

The administrative hierarchy of the Chola Empire from smallest to largest was: Kurram (village unit), Nadu (group of villages), Valanadu (group of Nadus), and Mandalam (province).

Pavarana is a Buddhist ceremony held at the end of the Vassa (rainy season retreat), where monks gather to invite their peers to point out any offenses they may have committed during the retreat.

In the 1937 Bengal elections, the Krashak Praja Party led by Fazlul Haq formed a coalition government with the Muslim League.

The first experimental telegraph line in India, connecting Calcutta and Agra, was opened in 1853 under the administration of Lord Dalhousie.

The Battle of Biderra (also known as the Battle of Chinsurah) was fought in 1759 between the British forces and the Dutch East India Company, resulting in a decisive British victory.

According to the accounts of the Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang, Buddhism in India was divided into 18 sects during his visit in the 7th century.

Aryabhatta, the famous mathematician and astronomer of the Gupta period, is widely believed to have hailed from Pataliputra, which was a major center of learning at the time.

The Sayyid Brothers, known as the 'kingmakers' of the later Mughal period, rose to significant power during the reign of Farrukhsiyar, whom they helped place on the throne.

The Zamorin was the hereditary Hindu monarch of the Kingdom of Calicut on the Malabar Coast of India.

In Daiva vivaha, the father gives his daughter away in marriage to a priest as part of a sacrificial ritual or fee for conducting a ceremony. Other forms like Brahma or Arsa have different customary conditions.

The Uttarapatha was a major trade route connecting the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent to the Gangetic plains. Option B correctly identifies the route that gained prominence during the post-Mauryan period, linking Taxila to the port of Broach via Mathura and Ujjain.

The Hindu Succession Act, the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, and the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act were all key components of the Hindu Code Bills passed by the Indian Parliament in 1956 to codify and reform Hindu personal law.

The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was a significant agreement where Shivaji had to surrender a large portion of his forts, his son Sambhaji was granted a mansab, and Shivaji agreed to support the Mughals in their Deccan campaigns.

Amir Khusrau was a prolific poet and historian who served under several Delhi Sultans. He accompanied Alauddin Khalji on his military campaigns, including the siege of Chittor, and documented these events in his works.

The palm-leaf manuscripts containing plays by the ancient Sanskrit dramatist Bhasa were discovered by Mahamahopadhyaya T. Ganapati Sastri in 1912, but the specific fragments of his works were famously found in the Turfan region of Central Asia.