NTSE/CBSE (Social Science) - 3

Perihelion (closest distance to Sun) occurs around January 3rd each year, when Earth is about 147 million km from the Sun. December 22nd (B) is the winter solstice (shortest day in Northern Hemisphere) but not the closest distance. June 21st (C) is the summer solstice and aphelion (farthest point).

Earth's circumference at the equator is approximately 40,075 km. With 360 degrees of longitude, each degree spans about 111.3 km at the equator (40,075 / 360 = 111.3 km). This is a standard geographical fact and an important value for understanding the scale of Earth's coordinate system. The distance between meridians decreases as you move toward the poles due to the convergence of longitude lines.

While the Constitution of India guarantees the right to form associations or unions, the 'Right to strike' is not a Fundamental Right. It is a legal or statutory right governed by industrial laws.

Vietnam operates under a socialist-oriented market economy, which is a defining feature of its political and economic structure. USA and Japan are primarily capitalist economies.

Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand) was created as the 27th state of India in November 2000. Chhattisgarh was the 26th and Jharkhand was the 28th.

The Suez Canal was officially completed and opened on November 17, 1869. It was a major engineering feat that connected the Mediterranean and Red Seas, drastically reducing travel time between Europe and Asia.

The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

India possesses one of the largest road networks in the world, spanning millions of kilometers across the country.

Mizoram was upgraded from a Union Territory to a full-fledged state of the Indian Union on February 20, 1987.

The Rig Veda is the oldest of the four Vedas and consists of hymns in praise of various deities.

Inflation is defined as a general increase in prices and a fall in the purchasing value of money.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

The invention of the wheel was first applied to pottery making before it was adapted for transportation purposes.

Johannesburg, South Africa, is famously known as the 'City of Gold' due to its history of gold mining.

The Lotus is the official election symbol of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India.

The Hwang Ho (Yellow River) in China is frequently called the 'River of Sorrow' due to its history of devastating floods.

Japan was the first country in Asia to undergo rapid industrialization following the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century.

The average surface temperature of the world's oceans is approximately 17 degrees Celsius, but 26.7 degrees Celsius is often cited in specific educational contexts regarding tropical surface waters.

Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese explorer, arrived in Calicut, India, in 1498, marking the discovery of the sea route from Europe to India.

The French Revolution popularized the concept of a 'republic' as a form of government where the head of state is not a monarch.

Typhoid, jaundice, and dysentery are water-borne diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated water.

The Ming Dynasty ruled from 1368 to 1644, which is a duration of 276 years. Among the provided choices, 300 years is the closest approximation.