Logical Reasoning 1

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two conclusions. Which of the following conclusions can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
If there are good reasons for pronouncing that the pre-historic carvings cannot be accurate copies from nature, and of a lower artistic standard than has been supposed, it will need to be determined how far their unlikeness to the animals they have been supposed to represent can be attributed to shortcomings naturally pertaining to pre-historic art.
Conclusions:
(A) The carvings are as close imitations as can be expected from sculptors not possessed of adequate skills.
(B) The carvings form an unsafe basis for deductions of assumed accurate imitation.

Directions: In the following question ,a statement is followed by two conclusions. Which of the following conclusions can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
The principle of the division of labor, which the English carry into mechanical and commercial affairs, the French also apply to the economy of life and Art; but, as these latter interests are more spontaneous and unlimited, the result is often a perfection in detail, and a like deficiency in general effect.
Conclusions:
(A) The principle of division of labor can, without compunction, be universally applied to various spheres of art and science.
(B) The artistic mind needs wider canvas to visualize the spectrum.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two inferences. Which of the following inferences can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
We can easily define and measure the difference of entropy between two states of the same body. But the value found depends on the state arbitrarily chosen as the zero point of entropy, though this is not a very serious difficulty, and is analogous to what occurs in the evaluation of other physical magnitudes - temperature, potential, etc.
Inference:
(A) It is not possible to define a difference, or equality, of entropy between two bodies chemically different.
(B) It is possible to compare the variations of entropy to which these two states (of the same body) are individually subject.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two conclusions. Which of the following conclusions can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
One trend of modern music is towards realism of sound. Children cry, dogs bark, plates are broken. Picasso approaches the same goal from the opposite direction. It is as though he were trying to work from realism to music.
Conclusions:
(A) Picasso has not wholly abandoned realism
(B) The structural vision of Picasso's paintings is dependent for its value on the association of reality.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two conclusions. Which of the given conclusions can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
The function of music is to express those sides of human emotion which lie too deep for verbal utterance and cannot be slighted or ignored.
Conclusions:
(A) Music has the power of appealing to a feeling that no words can reach.
(B) The success of music lies in conveying shades of emotional sensation.

Directions: In the following question a statement is followed by two conclusions. Which of the conclusions can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
Among the more highly organised moths the pupa remains in the cocoon, the emergence being entirely left to the imago, while the pupae of the more primitive moths work their way partly out of the cocoon before the final moult begins.
Conclusions:
(A) Cocoon provides safer environs for better development of the pupa.
(B) The more complex the organism, the longer the time its embryo may need for full development.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two inferences. Which of the inferences can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
Physical matter is divided into two kinds - prakriti (commonly called "physical matter") and ether; the differences between each of the elementary prakritic substances (iron, copper, sulphur, oxygen) are in their molecules, the fundamental atom being the same.
Inference:
(A) Each and every atom of prakritic matter is the center of an etheric molecule of many atoms.
(B) No two prakritic atoms touch.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two inferences. Which of the inferences can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
The mutual dependence of men is so great in all societies that scarcely any human action is entirely complete in itself, or is performed without some reference to the actions of others, which are requisite to make it answer fully the intention of the agent.
Inference:
(A) The poorest farmer, who labours alone, and for self consumption, may still not be an exception to the rule.
(B) The farmer, if he carries his goods to market, and offers them at a reasonable price, shall definitely find purchasers, and shall be able, by the money he acquires, to engage others to supply him with those commodities which are requisite for his subsistence.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two inferences. Which of the inferences can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement:
Modern artists are beginning to realize that they are the spiritual teachers of the world, and for their teaching to have weight, it must be comprehensible.
Inference:
(A) Any attempt to bring artist and public together, to enable the latter to understand the ideals of the former, should be thoroughly welcome.
(B) The artist should be the harbinger of change.

Directions: In the question, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and choose the correct option.

Statement:
From a macro-economic standpoint, any trouble in realty would stem more from housing than commercial realty.
<b style="font-family:" arial;="" font-size:="" small;="">Assumptions:
I. Residential housing makes up 75% of the realty market in India.
II. The residential prices have shot through the roof across the country in the last few years.

Directions: The question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements; each statement can be classified as one of the following:
Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are pen the discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statements with an 'F')
Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
Judgments, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations, and occurrences in the past, the present, or the future (the answer option indicates such as statement with a 'J')
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.

1.     Inflation has become a hot potato; the inflation rate based on wholesale price index has stayed above 6.5 percent, against the 5.5 percent inflation target of RBI for 2007-08 and despite a slew of fiscal and monetary measures announced by the government.
   

2.     The Asian Development Bank (ADB), in its latest annual report, emphasized that agricultural stagnation is a key to structural challenge in India and rising food prices have been significant contributors to inflation. 
   

3.     Food production in India has stagnated over the last several years, a shortage of pulses resulted in prices soaring almost 30 percent, the international wheat prices rose unto 50 percent as there was a drought in Australia, Canada and USA.
   

4.     The central government has banned future trading in agricultural produce, and the RBI governor has expressed hope that the WPI inflation rate gradually will stabilize with the fiscal measures.
   

Directions: The question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements; each statement can be classified as one of the following:
Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are pen the discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statements with an 'F')
Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
Judgments, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations, and occurrences in the past, the present, or the future (the answer option indicates such as statement with a 'J')
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.

1.     The cement industry, which has clocked annual growth of 8 percent, will increase capacity by 60 percent to 240 million tones by 2009-10. In the steel industry, SAIL and Essar Steel will add about 15 million tones of capacity by 2011.  
   

2.     Increased capacities could be expected to arrest and even retard the rising prices but the economic experts such as Anil Singhri, M.D. of Gujrat Ambuja opine that the capacities cannot materialize overnight; prices will drop depending upon the global factors and the demand and supply equilibrium. 
   

3.     The urbanization has resulted into the housing boom and the banks are also acting good players wooing the salaried people to own houses availing long term loans; the future demand potential of steel and cement is rising, thus surge in prices is inevitable. 
   

4.     The government and the private sector plan to invest 350 million dollars on the country's infrastructure over the next five years and this will sustain and expand the current demand for cement; steel and other commodities for at least another 7-10 years.
   

Directions: The question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements; each statement can be classified as one of the following:
Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are pen the discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statements with an 'F')
Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I').
Judgments, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations, and occurrences in the past, the present, or the future (the answer option indicates such as statement with a 'J')
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.

1.     India's employment market is humming with net employment outlook standing at 82 percent, up one percentage point over the last two quarters as jobs are being created across the entire spectrum of the economy.
   

2.     Infrastructure is an important sector that is expected to generate employment potential; the business confidence looks positive as the government plans to spend 350 billion US dollars on infrastructure.  
   

3.     The metropolis cities such as Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore are becoming commercial capitals, in IT and in Telecom sectors, the demand for human resources is increasing. 
   

4.     The multinational companies recruit people from metros and class I cities as these cities have a placeable population whose skill sets are synchronized to the needs of the recruiters.
   

Directions: In the question, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and choose the correct option.

Statement:
Many business schools are run by politicians.
Assumptions:
I. Due to political pressure, the government has granted recognition to many colleges that don’t meet the standards.
II. The approval process is non-transparent.

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: In mathematics, the principles are palpable, but removed from ordinary use so that for want of habit, it is difficult to turn one's mind in that direction. But if one turns it thither ever so little, one sees the principles fully.
Assumptions:
(A) One must have a quite inaccurate mind to reason wrongly from principles of mathematics.
(B) It is almost impossible that principles of mathematics should escape notice.

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: The most incisive comment on politics today is indifference. When men and women begin to feel that elections and legislatures do not matter very much, that politics is a rather distant and unimportant exercise, the leader might as well put to himself a few searching doubts.
Assumptions:
(A) Indifference calls the political method itself into question.
(B) Leaders in public affairs know that no attack is as disastrous as silence; that no invective is so blasting as the wise and indulgent smile of the people who do not care.

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: Puritanism, with its emphasis on abstinence, cannot pass from one generation to another without losing much of what grace it has, and acquiring most odious and mischievous elements. Entailed puritanism, being an actual impossibility, all attempts to realise it have the worst features of sham and hypocrisy.
Assumptions:
(A) Puritanism and procreation are antithetical by nature.
(B) Procreation means surrender of abstinence.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two inferences. Which of the inferences can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement: The right eloquence needs no bell to call the people together and no constable to keep them. It holds the hearer fast; steals away his feet, that he shall not depart; his memory, that he shall not remember the most pressing affairs; his belief, that he shall not admit any opposing considerations.
Inferences:
(A) Glib talkers inveigle their audience to achieve their purpose.
(B) When once you form an opinion, it is difficult to come out of it.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions. Which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the statement?

Statement:
Consumption per se is growing.
Assumptions:
I. Inflationary trends will be observed in consumer goods in the long run.
II. Strong economy is creating a wider affluence.

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions. Which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the statement?

Statement:
The government has alleged that companies in steel and cement industries have formed cartels to keep prices high.
Assumptions:
I. Steel and cement prices have appreciated over the last six months.
II. Steel and cement companies are colluding with each other and fixing prices.