Why do we fall ill-2

This recruitment process is known as inflammation.

 A person suffering from AIDS finally dies due to other infections because the AIDS virus- HIV weakens the immune system.

Mosquitoes lay their eggs in stagnant water, which is referred to as their breeding place. Destroying these areas is a primary method for controlling mosquito populations.

Diarrhoea is a condition characterized by frequent loose or liquid bowel movements, which is a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.

Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the brain, often referred to as brain fever. The other options represent entirely different categories of diseases.

Smallpox is the only human infectious disease to have been officially declared eradicated globally by the WHO. Other listed diseases like polio, tetanus, and rabies still exist in various parts of the world.

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver, typically caused by viral infections. Kalaazar affects the spleen and bone marrow, while SARS and amoebiasis target the lungs and intestines respectively.

Vaccines are biological preparations that provide active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. They are the primary tool used in public health immunization programs.

HIV targets the immune system, specifically infecting CD4 cells, which are a type of white blood cell found in high concentrations in the lymph nodes. This leads to the progressive failure of the immune system.

Common cold viruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets in the air, contaminated surfaces, or direct contact with infected individuals.

Microbes entering through the nose typically enter the respiratory tract, which leads directly to the lungs. Other organs like the heart, gut, or liver are not the primary entry points for airborne pathogens.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease transmitted primarily through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly via a bite. It is not spread through casual physical contact or sexual activity.

 When a microbe enters our body for the second time, the immune system acts and eliminates it quicker than the first time. This is known as the principle of immunization.

Using a handkerchief when sneezing helps contain respiratory droplets, preventing the spread of the virus to others. Using hands or pillows is ineffective or unhygienic.

The immune system is the body's defense mechanism designed to identify and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. Other systems perform structural or metabolic functions.

Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection that specifically causes inflammation of the brain tissue. It is a neurological condition.

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is used to replace fluids and electrolytes lost during gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea. It is not a treatment for brain, kidney, or liver disorders.

Coughing and breathlessness are classic symptoms of respiratory distress, which indicates an infection in the lungs. Other organs do not typically present with these specific respiratory symptoms.

Headache, vomiting, and unconsciousness are neurological symptoms that indicate the brain is affected. These are common signs of conditions like meningitis or encephalitis.

Antiseptics like Dettol are for external use on skin or surfaces to prevent infection; they are toxic if ingested and are not used to treat internal gastrointestinal disorders.

Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The other diseases listed have different transmission routes.

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is caused by a coronavirus, which is a type of virus. It is not caused by bacteria, fungi, or protozoa.

Vaccines are used to prevent disease by training the immune system, not to spread infectious agents. Vectors, physical contact, and air are all common modes of transmission for pathogens.

Tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which typically infects the lungs after being inhaled.

The immune system is responsible for controlling infections. When it is compromised or functioning improperly, a minor infection can escalate into a severe condition like bloody diarrhea.

Viruses are intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to replicate, making it very difficult to design drugs that target the virus without harming the host cells. Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa have distinct metabolic pathways that are easier to target.

Quinine, Chloroquine, and Primaquine are well-known anti-malarial drugs. Antiquine is not a recognized pharmaceutical drug for malaria.

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or food. It is not typically spread by air or physical contact.

Oral rehydration therapy is a treatment for dehydration caused by diarrhea, not a preventive measure for malaria. The other options are standard methods to control mosquito populations.

Vaccines introduce weakened or inactive parts of a pathogen to the immune system, allowing it to develop antibodies and prevent future microbial infections.

Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids, a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa, which are responsible for African sleeping sickness. The other options are bacteria or other types of parasites not associated with this specific disease.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) specifically targets and destroys CD4 positive T cells, which are a crucial component of the human immune system. This leads to a weakened immune system, making the body susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Cold and cough are infectious diseases spread through droplets. Using a handkerchief (iii) prevents the spread of pathogens to others, and avoiding crowded places (i) reduces the risk of transmission to or from others.

Jaundice is a condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes, which occurs due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. This condition is a primary indicator of liver dysfunction or damage.

Diarrhoea is a condition defined by frequent loose or liquid bowel movements, which often leads to significant fluid loss and dehydration. It is a common symptom of various gastrointestinal infections.

Road accidents often involve deep wounds or contact with contaminated surfaces, creating a risk for Clostridium tetani spores to enter the body. An anti-tetanus injection is administered to prevent tetanus infection.

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver, and it is commonly caused by viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C, etc.). Jaundice is a clinical sign of hepatitis, as the liver fails to process bilirubin properly.

Brain fever, or encephalitis, is most commonly caused by viral infections, such as Japanese encephalitis or herpes simplex virus. While bacteria can cause meningitis, the term brain fever is frequently associated with viral causes in general contexts.

DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a potent insecticide that was historically used extensively to control mosquito populations and prevent diseases like malaria.

Immunization is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent. It is the most effective public health strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases.