GK Scientific Aptitude

Nylon is a synthetic polymer belonging to the class of polyamides, which are formed by the reaction of diamines and dicarboxylic acids.

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive element.

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound consisting of a single type of molecule (CO2), whereas air, lemonade, and vinegar are mixtures containing multiple types of molecules.

Earth's atmosphere is composed of approximately 78% nitrogen, making it the most abundant gas in the air.

Mosquito larvae generally require fresh water to develop; the high salinity of ocean water is typically toxic or unsuitable for their physiological needs.

Among the listed planets, Mars is the smallest, with a diameter approximately half that of Earth.

Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency, while marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of both protein and total calories.

Ethylene dibromide is a well-known fumigant used for grain storage. While aluminium phosphide is also used as a fumigant, ethylene dibromide is the classic textbook example for this specific application.

Waves are disturbances that travel through a medium or space, carrying energy from one point to another without the net transfer of matter. Wavelength and velocity are properties of the wave, not the entity being transported.

Boron and cadmium are effective neutron absorbers used in control rods to regulate the rate of nuclear fission. They capture neutrons, preventing them from causing further fission events.

Water stored at a height in a dam reservoir possesses gravitational potential energy due to its position relative to the ground. This energy is converted into kinetic energy as the water flows down through the turbines.

Biogas is primarily composed of methane (CH4), which typically makes up 50 to 75 percent of the gas mixture. Other components include carbon dioxide and trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide.

The chemical formula for water is H2O. The atomic mass of hydrogen is approximately 1 and oxygen is 16, so the molecular mass is (2 * 1) + 16 = 18.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates in the blood-forming tissues, primarily the bone marrow. It results in the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

When chlorine gas reacts with dry slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), it produces bleaching powder (calcium oxychloride). The reaction is Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 -> CaOCl2 + H2O.

ATS stands for Anti-Tetanus Serum. It is administered to provide passive immunity to individuals who have not been previously immunized against tetanus after sustaining a potentially contaminated wound.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. This process converts light energy into stored chemical (biochemical) energy.

Fat-soluble vitamins, such as Vitamin A, are stored in the liver and fatty tissues when consumed in excess. Water-soluble vitamins (like B and C) are generally excreted in urine.

A parasite lives on or inside a host and derives nutrients at the host's expense. Lice living on a human scalp is a classic example of an ectoparasitic relationship.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) reacts with water vapor and oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid, which is a primary contributor to acid rain. Industrial processes are a major source of SO2 emissions.

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. Retinol is Vitamin A, and Calciferol is Vitamin D. Riboflavin (B2) and Ascorbic acid (C) are water-soluble.

Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi, pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All three are bacterial infections.