Indian National Movement

The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in San Francisco, USA, by Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, and others to liberate India from British rule.

The Indian Independence League was established by Rash Behari Bose in 1942 in Tokyo, Japan, to organize Indians living outside India to fight for independence.

The Subsidiary Alliance system was introduced by Lord Wellesley, the Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805, to expand British control over Indian princely states.

Annie Besant was the first woman to be elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1917 at the Calcutta session.

Mahatma Gandhi coined the term 'Satyagraha' during his time in South Africa to describe his method of non-violent resistance against the discriminatory policies of the government.

The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced the system of separate electorates for Muslims. This was a significant turning point in British colonial policy regarding communal representation.

The British East India Company received permission from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir to establish its first permanent factory at Surat in 1613.

Jatin Das was a revolutionary who died in Lahore Jail in 1929 after a 63-day hunger strike demanding better conditions for Indian political prisoners.

Subhash Chandra Bose announced the formation of the Provisional Government of Free India (Azad Hind) in Singapore on October 21, 1943.

The Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was revived and reorganized under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose in 1943.

The 1907 session of the Indian National Congress, where the split between the Moderates and Extremists occurred, was held in Surat.

Mahatma Gandhi gave the 'Do or Die' slogan during the launch of the Quit India Movement in August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.

The Hunter Commission of 1882 was appointed by Lord Ripon to review the progress of education in India since the Wood's Despatch of 1854.

Jyotiba Phule was a prominent social reformer from the Mali community in Maharashtra who worked extensively for the education of girls and the upliftment of lower castes.

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay (now Mumbai).

Mahatma Gandhi popularized the term 'Harijan' (meaning 'Children of God') to refer to the untouchables, though he did not invent the term; it was previously used by others, but he is the one associated with the usage in the context of the movement.

Lala Lajpat Rai founded the National College in Lahore to promote national education as part of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

The Battle of Buxar in 1764 was fought between the British forces led by Hector Munro and the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Shah Alam II.

The Government of India Act 1935 abolished the diarchy in the provinces and introduced provincial autonomy, allowing provinces to have their own elected governments.

Jamanlal Bajaj, a close associate of Gandhi and a prominent industrialist, donated land and funds to establish the Satyagraha Ashram at Wardha.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, starting with the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram.

Lord Ripon is known as the 'Father of Local Self-Government' in India for his resolution in 1882 that established local boards and municipalities.