System Analysis and Design Test

Managers in strategic and technical roles require a comprehensive view of the organization. This necessitates both internal data (operational performance) and external data (market trends, competition).

A structured decision is one that is routine, repetitive, and follows a well-defined procedure. These decisions are typically made using a pre-planned series of steps.

On-line transaction processing (OLTP) refers to systems that process data immediately upon entry. This ensures that the system is always up to date.

Top-level managers are responsible for long-term planning and organizational direction, which requires strategic information. Tactical and operational information are typically used by middle and lower-level management.

Entities, attributes, and relationships are the fundamental building blocks of data modeling, which is a logical representation of data before it is physically implemented in a database.

Corporate information generally refers to data regarding the organization's business activities, performance, and strategy. None of the provided options accurately define it.

Distributed data processing allows computing power and data to be spread across multiple locations while maintaining some level of central coordination, combining benefits of both centralized and decentralized approaches.

Prototyping is an iterative process where a preliminary version of a system is built to explore requirements and validate design choices before full-scale development.

Peer review is a standard practice in software engineering to identify defects and improve the quality of code or documentation, making it a key component of quality assurance.

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) begins with identifying the problem or need, which is accomplished through preliminary investigation and feasibility analysis.

Storage devices are categorized by how they access data. Sequential access (like tape) and direct access (like disk) are the two primary methods.

Decision tables are a structured way to represent complex logic by mapping specific conditions to the corresponding actions that should be taken.

Prototyping is primarily used to demonstrate functionality to users, allowing them to provide feedback and ensure the system meets their requirements before final development.

A software design description (SDD) is a comprehensive document that captures the architecture and design details, including data dictionaries, ER diagrams, and data flow diagrams (DFD).

Pseudocode is a high-level description of an algorithm that uses natural language constructs to help programmers plan the logic of a program before writing actual code.

Backup and recovery are essential data management practices designed to restore data integrity and availability in the event of hardware failure, corruption, or human error.

In a reservation system, users expect immediate feedback when checking availability or booking seats. High latency would lead to poor user experience and potential data conflicts.

System cut-over is the phase where the new system replaces the old one. This involves migrating data, which requires file conversion to ensure compatibility.

Audit trails, security, and data integrity are all standard features and functions provided by modern Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS).

A blocking factor refers to the number of logical records that are grouped together into a single physical block on a storage device.

Tools used for system design, such as CASE tools, are primarily intended to assist in managing the complexity of design by documenting requirements, diagrams, and specifications.

HIPO (Hierarchy plus Input-Process-Output) charts are a design tool used to represent the functional hierarchy of a system, supporting a top-down design approach.

An exception report highlights data that falls outside of normal parameters or requires management attention, such as a report on equipment that needs replacement.