Indian History

The Second Battle of Tarain (1192) was fought between Prithviraj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori. Haldighati was Maharana Pratap vs. Man Singh, Kanwah was Babur vs. Rana Sanga, and option D has a typo (likely 'Deorai' or similar).

In early Vedic literature, Vidhata is considered the earliest tribal assembly of the Aryans, pre-dating assemblies like Sabha and Samiti and having both economic and military functions.

Gautama (Akshapada Gautama) is the author of the Nyaya Sutras and the founder of the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy.

The Satapatha Brahmana is one of the earliest texts that mentions the eastern and western seas, reflecting the geographical expansion of the Vedic people.

The term 'Gotra' first appears in the Rig Veda, where it originally meant a cow pen or enclosure, later evolving into a lineage identifier.

The Three Ratnas (Triratna) of Jainism are Right Faith (Samyak Darshana), Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana), and Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra). Belief in God is not part of these, as Jainism is non-theistic.

Sikander Lodi founded the city of Agra in 1504 and made it his capital.

The Mughal artillery branch frequently employed foreign experts, particularly Ottomans and Portuguese, due to their advanced knowledge of gunpowder and cannon technology.

The Grihya Sutras provide detailed instructions on domestic rituals and samskaras (life-cycle rites) for householders.

Feroz Shah Tughlaq was known for having a massive department for slaves (Diwan-i-Bandagan) and possessed the largest number of slaves among the Delhi Sultans.

The Mohajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) is a political party primarily based in the Sindh province of Pakistan, representing the Urdu-speaking immigrants (Mohajirs).

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose proclaimed the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore on October 21, 1943.

The reign of Shah Jahan is widely considered the 'Golden Age' of Mughal architecture and art, characterized by grand construction projects like the Taj Mahal.

The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy applied by the British East India Company in India until 1859. Jhansi was annexed in 1854 under this policy because the ruler died without a natural heir.

Lord Dalhousie served as the Governor General of India from 1848 to 1856. During his tenure, the first passenger railway line was opened in India in 1853.

Tansen, the legendary musician in the court of Akbar, was born as Ramtanu Pandey. He is one of the most famous figures in Hindustani classical music.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was abruptly called off by Mahatma Gandhi in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident, where a police station was set on fire by a mob, leading to violence.

The Indian National Congress passed the Purna Swaraj (complete independence) resolution during its Lahore session in December 1929, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru.

The Ramakrishna Mission, founded by Swami Vivekananda, focuses on social service, education, and spiritual upliftment. While it advocates for social reform, the specific program of 'Abolition of child marriage' is not its primary defining historical program compared to the others listed.

The primary conflicts between the Bahmani Sultanate and the Vijayanagara Empire centered on the fertile Raichur Doab (between Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers) and the Konkan coast. The Kaveri delta was further south and not a primary bone of contention between these two powers.

Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, wrote his autobiography, the Baburnama (or Tuzuk-i-Baburi), in the Chaghatai Turkish language, which was his mother tongue.