G.K. (Geography) - 6

Mediterranean climate (wet winters, dry summers, moderate temperatures) is ideal for horticulture - fruits, vegetables, flowers. The moderate temperatures avoid extreme heat/cold stress, seasonal rainfall provides water during growing season, and dry summer reduces disease pressure. Monsoon (too wet/humid), Tundra (too cold), Equatorial (too hot/humid) are less suitable.

Slate is a metamorphic rock formed from the metamorphism of shale. It's characterized by its fine grain and foliation (layering), allowing it to split into thin sheets. Sandstone and limestone are both sedimentary rocks, not metamorphic.

Precipitation refers to water falling from clouds in liquid or solid form. Rainfall and snowfall are both classic forms of precipitation. Fog, however, is a cloud at ground level consisting of suspended water droplets - it forms by condensation near the Earth's surface rather than falling from clouds.

Venus is the brightest planet in the night sky due to its thick, reflective cloud cover and proximity to Earth.

The circumference of the Earth is approximately 40,000 km. Dividing this by 360 degrees gives roughly 111 km per degree.

During a lunar eclipse, the Earth casts a curved shadow on the Moon, which provides evidence for the spherical shape of the Earth.

Latitude is a primary factor in determining the climate and temperature of a region, as it dictates the angle of incoming solar radiation.

The Tropic of Cancer passes through Mexico and Egypt, but it does not pass through Yemen.

Aphelion, the point where the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs in early July, specifically around July 4th.

Azizia, Libya, was historically recorded as having the highest temperature on Earth, though modern measurements sometimes debate this.

A psychrometer is a type of hygrometer used to measure atmospheric humidity by comparing wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures.

While estimates vary, the core temperature is significantly higher than 2000C (often estimated at 5000-6000C). Given the options, 2000C is the closest provided value, though technically inaccurate.

The Savannas are the vast tropical grasslands found primarily in Africa.

The Pampas are fertile South American lowlands, specifically in Argentina, characterized by vast, treeless grasslands.

The monsoon system is most prominently developed in South and South East Asia due to the interaction between the Asian landmass and the Indian Ocean.

The United States is a leading global producer of sulphur, largely as a byproduct of oil and gas refining.

Brazil is consistently the world's largest producer of sugar, primarily from sugarcane.

Dykes are vertical or near-vertical sheets of igneous rock that form when magma intrudes into cracks during volcanic activity.

Buran is a cold, strong wind that blows across the steppes of Central Asia and Russia. Siroco and Foehn are typically warm or hot winds.

Norway is located at a high latitude, which causes it to experience the midnight sun during summer, resulting in the longest daylight hours among the choices. Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, meaning it experiences winter during the Northern Hemisphere's summer.

The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. It is specifically used to categorize wind velocity.