Mammalian Excretory System and Waste Elimination
Covers kidney structure and function, nitrogenous waste products, osmoregulation, excretory disorders, and comparison of excretory organs across species
Questions
Which of the following structures is responsible for the elimination of excretory products of mammalian embryo?
- Placenta
- Urinary bladder
- Ureter
- Amniotic fluid
- Chorion
Which of the following is/are present in sweat?
- Sterols
- Oils
- Lactic acid
- Fatty acid
- Waxes
Presence of which of the following in urine shows pregnancy?
- Bilirubin
- Ketone bodies
- Free haemoglobin
- hCG
- Biliverdin
Which of the following organ excrete(s) 18 litres of carbon dioxide per hour in normal resting conditions?
- Sebaceous glands
- Liver
- Large intestine
- Lungs
- Sudoriferous glands
Gout is caused in human beings due to the excess of
- uric acid
- adenine
- ammonia
- urea
- guanine
Which of the following has/have a very long loop of Henle?
- Parrot
- Scolidon
- Desert mammals
- Snake
- Crocodile
Due to infection or injury in the basement membrane of this disorder, there is inflammation of glomerulus that progressively leads to renal failure or death. Which of the following is that kidney related disorder?
- Urolithiasis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Renal failure
- Albuminuria
Which of the following cover(s) the loop of Henle?
- Macula densa
- Glomerulus
- Juxtaglomerular cells
- Malphigian capsule
- Vasa recta
Maximum reabsorption occurs in which of the following parts of the nephron?
- Henle's loop
- DCT
- Glomerulus
- Bowman's capsule
- PCT
Which of the following is/are H- shaped excretory organ(s) present in roundworms?
- Nephridium
- Renette cells
- Protonephridia
- Coxal glands
- Malphigian tubules
What is the amount of water excreted daily by humans through urine?
- 0.50 litres
- 1.50 litres
- 0.35 litres
- 0.25 litres
- 2.50 litres
Which of the following animals has special urea absorbing segment in the uriniferous tubules?
- Scoliodon
- Frog
- Sparrow
- Rat
- Kangaroo rat
Which of the following hormones plays an important role in osmoregulatory function of kidneys by increasing Na+, K+ and Cl- reabsorption from filtrate?
- LH
- Oxytocin
- Vasopressin
- Aldosterone
- Parathormone
Who discovered the ornithine cycle?
- Swanson
- Dujardin
- Walter B. Cannon
- Wirz et al
- Krebs and Heinslet
Which of the following blood vessels takes the blood away from the kidneys?
- Renal artery
- Efferent arteriole
- Afferent arteriole
- Renal portal vein
- Renal vein
Which of the following is responsible for the release of renin?
- Cortical nephron
- Distal nephron
- JGA
- Renal pelvis
- Renal medulla
Which of the following hormones controls the absorption of water in DCT?
- ACTH
- ADH
- LH
- FSH
- Oxytocin
In uremia, artificial kidney is used for removing accumulated waste products. This process is called
- ureotelism
- micturition
- haemodialysis
- ammonotelism
- None of these
Presence of excess of ketone bodies in urine is known as
- Glomerular nephritis
- Polyuria
- Renal calculi
- Uremia
- Ketosis
Which of the following is the main nitrogenous waste in human urine?
- Sodium chloride
- Urea
- Ammonia
- Guanine
- Amino acid