Indian Polity

Correct answer is (4). 
The 73rd Amendment 1992 added a new Part IX to the constitution titled “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Article 243 to 243(O); and a new Eleventh Schedule covering 29 subjects within the functions of the Panchayats. 

  while the former are judicially enforceable, the latter are not so enforceable

Under Article 111 of the Indian Constitution, the President can return a non-money bill to Parliament for reconsideration once. If it is passed again, the President must give assent.

The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, apply irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions.

Chandigarh is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana.

A governor must be a citizen of India.
He must be at least thirty-five (35) years old.
He should not be a member of the either house of the parliament or house of the state legislature.
He should not hold any other office of profit.

The writ of Habeas Corpus is issued to command the production of a person who has been detained, ensuring that the detention is lawful. It is the primary remedy for unlawful custody.

Correct Answer: The President

If a state bill affects the general laws of citizenship, it encroaches upon a matter under the Union List. The Governor is constitutionally empowered to reserve such a bill for the consideration of the President.

The Swarna Singh Committee was established in 1976 to make recommendations about fundamental duties, which were then incorporated into the Constitution via the 42nd Amendment.

Judicial review has become an integral part of our constitutional system and its powers are vested in the Supreme Court and all the High Courts.

The case for local self-government rests on the premise that it facilitates a training ground for democracy. The Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act, passed in 1992 by the Narasimha Rao government, came into force on April 24, 1993. It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to establish "democracy at the grassroots level as it is at the state level or national level".

Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9^th and 15^th centuries. However, democracy involves people and lets them express freely. Thus, democracy is considered better than feudalism.

In India, where literacy remains a substantial barrier to development, radio, especially community radio, can reach a large number of poor people in rural areas because it is affordable and uses little electricity.

The absence of strong national consciousness is the main hindrance to national integration in India. While making conscious efforts towards the goals of democracy and socialism, the Indian national state has not been free of communal clashes. 

Correct Answer: India has a composite culture.

Correct Answer: at least one of the permanent members voting against it

The argument for a partyless democracy often posits that without the divisive nature of party politics, the government could focus on national interest and consensus-based policy rather than partisan agendas.

The Chief Minister is appointed by the governor. Art. 164 of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at its hand to aid and advise the governor. 

Historical records for the 13th Lok Sabha (1999) confirm that 46 women were elected to the house.

The President of India is a formal head of the state of India and the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. The President enjoys legislative, executive, judiciary and emergency powers. He is not appointed by anyone, rather he is elected indirectly.

Enforcing law of a municipal board is not the legislative power of the President, but the houses of parliament.

Money Bills can be introduced only in Lok Sabha (the directly elected 'people's house' of the Indian Parliament).
Money Bills passed by the Lok Sabha are sent to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of parliament, elected by the state and territorial legislatures or appointed by the president).

India adopted the policy of non-alignment as it did not want to join any power bloc. Nehru saw an India which was no longer dependent on any external power; the impact of colonialism was fresh in the mind. He did not wish India to be tied into one camp or the other. 

A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by a two-third majority of the total number of members of the originating house. It is then sent to the other house. The other house investigates the charges that have been made. During this process, the President has the right to defend oneself through an authorised counsel. If the second house also approves the charges made by special majority again, the President stands impeached and is deemed to have vacated his/her office from the date when such a resolution stands passed.