Body Fluids and Circulation - II (Class XI)

It is also known as the Stuart factor and helps in producing prothrombokinase complex.

This factor is a hypothetical activation product of proaccelerin (Factor V) and is probably nonexistent.

Pericardial fluid keeps the heart moist and helps in its frictionless movement.

High molecular weight kininogen is also known as Fitzerland factor. In the past, HMWK has been called HMWK-kallikrein factor, Flaujeac factor (1975), Fitzgerald factor (1975) and Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor, the eponyms being for people first reported to have HMWK deficiency. Its current accepted name is to contrast it with low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK), which has a similar function to HMWK in the tissue (as opposed to serum) kinin-kallikrein system.
 

Irregular heartbeat is also known as arrhythmia.

Crocodile is the only reptile with a four chambered heart, two atria and two ventricles.

The point of union of interatrial, atrioventricular and posterior interventricular groove is called crux.

Inferior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from lower and middle parts of the body for its purification.

Semilunar valves allow one way passage of blood from ventricles to arteries.

Due to presence of three chambered heart, there is mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. Thus, there is incomplete double circulation.

Dextrocardia refers to the occurrence of the heart on the right side.

In amphioxus, a typical heart is absent and a pulsating heart is present.

It represents the end of excitation of Purkinje fibres. With this wave, there is an end to ventricular contraction and the beginning of ventricular relaxation.

Electrocardiograph is the refined form of string galvanometer that was first employed by Einthoven in 1903.

It begins with a small negative deflection and represents the repolarisation of atrial muscles and depolarisation of ventricular muscles in an electrocardiograph.

It is made up of longitudinally oriented fibrous connective tissues having collagen and elastin fibres, fibroblasts, etc.

Secondary hypertension or high blood pressure is caused due to disturbed hormonal activity.

Prothrombin initiates the coagulation of the blood.

Sinoatrial or SA node is the site of generation of rhythmic impulse. It is called as pacemaker of the heart.

It stimulates the heartbeat.