Biology (Medical Entrance)

 Peanut oil, also known as groundnut oil or arachis oil, is a mild-tasting vegetable oil derived from peanuts.It is not an essential oil. 

The life cycle in which only zygote has diploid structure and all others are haploid, which are alternate to each other, is called haplontic life cycle.

The life cycle of Spirogyra is haplontic type in which all stages of life cycle are haploid (n) except zygospore (2n).

Mithochondria is a membrane bound organelle having two membranes i.e., outer and inner and two compartiments i.e., intermembrane space and matrix. The outer membrane is a typical lipoproteinaceous smooth while inner membrane have large number of foldings into matrix called as cristae or mitochondrial crestae.

Growing crops for production of alcohol and other fuels is known as energy cropping e.g., sugarcane, maize, sugarbeet, potato etc.

An octomer that consists of four histone pairs complexed with DNA is called nucleosome.

Seed is the result of fertilization and consequent enlargement of the ovule. Two ovule or megasporangium are present on the adaxial side of ovuliferous scale. The ovuliferous scale and bracts constitute the megasporophyll. There are about 80-90 megasporophylls in a single female cone of Pinus.

Plasma membrane is composed of 'lipid and protein'. According to 'Sandwich model' monomolecular two protein layer sandwiching a bimolecular lipid layer.

 Extrachromosomal or extranuclear  DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is present in chloroplast 

 Carl Linnaeus proposed the binomial nomenclature.
  

 Plant cells lack the 'centrioles' (centrosome) which are characteristic feature of animal cell and forms mitotic poles.

Permeases are carrier membrane proteins which helps in transmembrane transportation.

Calyptrogen is a layer of rapidly dividing cells at the tip of a plant root, from which the root cap is formed. 

'Polio' disease is caused by 'polio virus' which contains single stranded RNA molecule as genetic material. 

Haploid sporangiospores are formed in sporangium of Mucor after meiotic division in zygospore.

 The trabaculae layer is regarded as modified endodermis.

 Lysosomes are called suicide bags. They contain hydrolytic enzymes.

Electron microscopic studies have shown that chromosomes consist of a number of substructures like centromere, secondary constriction, nuclear organizers, telomeres and satellites. Centromere is the joining point of two arms of a chromosome.

The aim of plant breeding is to produce disease free, high yielding and early maturing varieties.

Cephaleuros virescens is a parasitic green algae which causes red rust of tea and coffee. Cephaleuros belongs to class Chlorophyceae, order Chaetophorales and family. Threntepholiaceae.

A protonema is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of a bryophyte life cycle. When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a protonema which develops into a leafy gametophore.

 Cotton is the most cultivated fibre crop in India.

Jute is obtained from the 'secondary phloem; of plant Corchorus capsularis, which belongs to family 'Tiliaceae'.