Indian Polity

Correct answer is (3). 

  Option (1) is the correct answer.

Persons of full age whose both parents are registered as citizens of India under section 5(1)(a) or section 6(1) can acquire Indian citizenship under section 5(1)(e).

Option (3) is the correct answer. 

Sovereignty is the essential attribute of a state - the supreme authority to govern within its territory without external interference. Democracy, socialism, and nationalism are ideologies or attributes that specific states may adopt, but a state can exist without them. The state requires a defined territory, population, government, and sovereignty.

The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the State. The other judges are appointed by the will of President, Governor and the Chief Justice of High Court.

The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November, 1949, and came into effect on 26 January, 1950.

The Lok Sabha (House of People) Speaker certifies the bill as a money bill before sending it to the upper house, and the decision of the Speaker is binding on both the Houses.

The National Women's Commission was established in 1992, and the National Commission for Women Act was passed by the Indian Parliament in 1990 to provide for its establishment. This date matches the legislative timeline.

Governor is an integral part of the State Legislature as the President is in the Parliament. Article 168(1) of the Indian Constitution provides that for every State there shall be a Legislature, which shall consist of the Governor and two Houses or one House as the case may be. He plays multifaceted role in the administration of the State even though he is not the member of the State Legislature. He is the executive head of the State. All executive actions in the State are taken in his name. He is empowered to exercise his executive power either directly or through the officers, who are subordinate to him.

The Janta Dal (Secular) is a Centre-left Indian political party led by former Prime Minister of India, H. D. Deve Gowda. 

The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President and is presided over by the Speaker of Lok Sabha (house of people) or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence, the Chairman or in his absence, the Deputy-Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. If any of the above officers is not present, then any other member of the Parliament can preside by consensus of both the Houses.

Jayaprakash Narayan (1902-1979), Indian nationalist and social reform leader, was India's leading indigenous critic after Mohandas Gandhi. He advocated the idea of party less democracy. 

Correct Answer: Cabinet responsibility to legislature

The Act provided a dual form of government (a dyarchy) for the major provinces. In each such province, control of some areas of government, the transferred list, was given to a government of ministers answerable to the Provincial Council. The 'transferred list' included agriculture, supervision of local government, health and education. The Provincial Councils were enlarged.

If the President is satisfied that there is an economic situation in which the financial stability or credit of India is threatened, he or she can declare financial emergency. Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within two months. It has never been declared. Such a situation had arisen, but was avoided by putting the gold assets of India as collateral for foreign credit.
It remains enforced till the President revokes it.
In case of a financial emergency, the President can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. All money bills passed by the State legislatures are submitted to the President for his approval. He can direct the state to observe certain principles (economy measures) relating to financial matters.
The phrase Emergency period, used loosely when referring to the political history of India, often refers to the third and the most controversial of the three occasions.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, was a strong advocate for promoting scientific temper in the country, notably mentioning it in his writings and speeches.