Gas Laws and States of Matter

There are three states of matter, solid, liquid and gas. First state is solid, second state is liquid and third state is gas, so 4^th option is the answer.

Barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
A calorimeter (from Latin calor, meaning heat) is an object used for calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity.

Torr is the same thing as mmHg its just another name for it so 760 Torr is = to 1 atm 

1 liter = 1,000 ml = 1,000 cm³ (cubic cm)
1 dm = 10 cm
1 dm³ (one cubic decimeter) = 1,000 cm³ (10 x 10 x 10)
So
1 liter = 1 dm³
One liter is equal to 1 cubic decimeter

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a sample of gas at constant volume, is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin.
According to Gay-Lussac's Law:
P₁ / T₁ = constant
After the change in pressure and temperature,
P₂ / T₂ = constant
Combine the two equations:
P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂
When any three of the four quantities in the equation are known, the fourth can be calculated. For example, we've known P₁, T₁ and P₂, the T₂ can be:
T₂ = P₂ x T₁ / P₁

Absolute zero temperature is the temperature at which their is no more heat in a system and no more heat can be removed. This corresponds to the kelvin temperature of 0 degrees Kelvin and -273 degrees Celsius. A absolute zero temperature is the temperature where molecular kinetic energy is minimal. Absolute zero of temperature cannot be reached according to the Law of Thermo dynamics which says that the thermodynamic system would need to be fully removed from the rest of the universe to reach absolute zero.

Pressure, temperature and volume are known as standard variables.

According to the kinetic molecular theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (measured in Kelvin).

Diffusion is the physical process where particles of different substances intermingle as a result of their spontaneous movement. It is the mechanism by which gases mix.

Charles' Law is a specific instance of the Ideal Gas Law in which volume and temperature are linearly proportional at constant pressure and mass. 

Gases are highly compressible due to large intermolecular space.  When force of attraction is strong in the gases molecules, then gases start to liquefy. For eg. LPG is such a gas.

It is the only non-metal element that is a liquid at room temperature.

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure, internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus and tensile strength, named after the French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer, and philosopher Blaise Pascal. It is a measure of force per unit area, defined as one newton per square metre.

When there is increase in the pressure, the molecules of the gas comes close to each other. Or gas tries to go in the liquefied state, so there is decrease in the volume occupied by the gas, so 1^st option is the answer.

Atomicity is the number of atoms of an element present in one molecule of that element. They can be monoatomic (He), diatomic (H₂), triatomic (O₃) and polyatomic (S₈). Homoatomic molecules have different atomicity; so option (1) is the answer.

Oil and water are two immiscible liquids, so they form a heterogeneous solution.

Magnet attracts iron.

Amalgam is a metallic filling material composed from a mixture of mercury (from 43% to 54%) and powdered alloy made mostly of silver, tin,zinc and copper commonly called the amalgam alloy.

Volume of the gas increases when we increase the temperature of the gas. It is due to the reason that the force of attraction present in the molecules of gas start decreasing with the increase in the temperature, so gas molecules starts expanding or the distance between them start increasing.

Boyle's Law
For a constant amount of gas at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume of the gas is a constant.
P V = constant_BL

Any of various techniques for the qualitative or quantitative separation of the components of mixtures of compounds; all characterized by the use of a mobile phase (gas or liquid) moving relative to a stationary phase (liquid or solid) - the differences between the rates of migration of the compounds between the two phases effects the separation, or we can say that colors of ink can be separated by chromatography.

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which liquids starts boiling, so 1^st option is the answer.

The boiling point of water is 373 Kelvin.

Milk (an emulsion) and kerosene oil do not mix to form a single homogeneous phase, making them immiscible. Miscible liquids form a uniform solution.

Nobel gases are also called as rare gases. A noble gas is an element with its outer electron shell completely filled. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn all have their outer p orbitals filled thus making them either totally or very unreactive. They are sometimes referred to as the inert gases too.