Computer Literacy - 1 (ISRO)

A compiler converts a high level language into a language that is understood by a computer.

The language belongs between high and low level, i.e. C.

Abacus

Software refers to the collection of programs, instructions, and data that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks, as opposed to the physical hardware.

Registers are small, extremely fast storage locations within the CPU used to hold temporary data and instructions for immediate processing.

An assembler is a specific type of translator that converts assembly language code into machine language (binary) that the computer processor can execute.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that allows the CPU to both read data from and write data to it during operation.

In Excel, a cell is the intersection of a row and a column and serves as the fundamental unit for entering data.

The formula bar is a specific interface element in spreadsheet software like Excel used for entering and editing formulas or data in cells.

Java is a modern, high-level, object-oriented programming language, whereas Algol, Cobol, and C are older languages.

1 MB = 1024 bytes = 2¹⁰

Machine language is the low-level binary code that computers execute directly; it is hardware-specific and was the first language used for programming.

Average access time for hard disk drives typically ranges from 9 to 14 milliseconds. Values like 60-70 ms are far too slow for standard drives.