Biology Test 4 (Part - I)

 ‘Homo erectus’ is the zoological name of Peking man.

The term "coacervate" is sometimes used to refer to spherical aggregates of colloidal droplets held together by hydrophobic forces.The process of coacervation was famously proposed by Alexander Oparin and J. B. S. Haldane as crucial in his early theory of abiogenesis .

Fossils of pollen and microscopic spores are palynofossils.

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was one of the nineteenth century’s leading naturalists and explorers. He co-discovered with Charles Darwin the theory of evolution by natural selection, and he is one of the founders of the modern field of biogeography.

Many bacteria are now resistant to penicillin, because previously resistant forms survived and reproduced better than susceptible forms.

Since early in the twentieth century, Haeckel's "biogenetic law" has been refuted on many fronts. Haeckel formulated his theory as "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny".

Solar radiation,Volcanic heat , Lightning was the source of energy, in early days when atmosphere had more hydrogen, ammonia and methane while less of oxygen.

Mutation theory explaining organic evolution was proposed by Hugo de Vries. He worked on Oenothera lamarckiana also known as Prime Rose.

Temporal isolation means 'isolated in time', so this is a mechanism that prevents species from mating because they breed at different times. These differences can be time of day, season, or even different years.

Genetic drift describes random fluctuations in the numbers of gene variants in a population. Genetic drift takes place when the occurrence of variant forms of a gene, called alleles, increases and decreases by chance over time. These variations in the presence of alleles are measured as changes in allele frequencies.

Allopatric speciation, the most common form of speciation, occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated.

 Darwin believed that a giraffe has a long neck because ancestral giraffes with slightly longer necks than others got more food and left more surviving offspring.

Charles Darwin suggested that “survival of the fittest” was the basis for organic evolution (the change of living things with time). Evolution itself is a biological phenomenon common to all living things, even though it has led to their differences.

The first Ramapithecus fossils (fragments of an upper jaw and some teeth) were discovered in 1932 in fossil deposits in the Siwālik hills of northern India.

The Pleistocene Era saw the evolution and expansion of our own species, Homo sapiens, and by the close of the Pleistocene, humans had spread through most of the world.

The African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) and humans are more closely related to each other than any of them are to the Asian orangutans (Pongo).

Modern man differs from apes in arms shorter than legs.

The word habilis is based on a Latin word meaning ‘handy’ or ‘skilful’. This species known as ‘handy man’ because stone tools were found near its fossil remains and it is assumed this species had developed the ability to modify stone into tools.

Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution.

The average cranial capacity of Peking Man is measured 1059 ml. So, option B is most closely related.

Gibbons, orangutans, prosimians, monkeys, African apes, humans is the the correct order of divergence from the main line of descent leading to humans.

In Pleistocene epoch the fossils of Sinanthropus pekinensis been discovered.

Coacervates are colloidal suspensions.Oparin’s work with coacervates confirmed that enzymes fundamental for the biochemical reactions of metabolism functioned more efficiently when contained within membrane-bound spheres than when free in aqueous solutions.

Homo erectus was widely considered to be a direct ancestor of our own species Homo sapiens. 

The Neanderthals were the first human species to practice burial behavior and intentionally bury their dead, doing so in shallow graves along with stone tools and animal bones.