Reading Comprehension

Which of the following does not constitute the 'quite crisis' in the U.S. as per the task force report?

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

Children falling in which group are most severely affected by the quiet crisis?

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question

Decide which of the following factor is/ are responsible for the physical, intellectual and social under-development of infants in the U.S.?
A. Illiteracy of parents B. Lack of parental care C. poverty

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

Children born out of unplanned pregnancies are highly vulnerable because _____.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

The number of children born to married mothers in the U.S. is approximately how many times the number of children born to unwed mothers?

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

The task force report seems to be based on the data pertaining to the period ________.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

The main focus of the passage is on the plight of _______.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question

An increasing number of infants in the U.S. are in foster care on account of _______.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
Though the U.S. prides itself on being a leader in the world community, a recent report shows that it lags far behind other industrialized countries in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. The U.S. has a higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of low birth weight babies, a smaller proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases and a much higher rate of adolescent pregnancies. These findings, described as a “quiet crisis requiring immediate and far-reaching action, appeared in a report prepared by a task force of educators, doctors, politicians and business people. According to the report, a fourth of the nation’s 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty. As many as half confront risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially. Child immunization is too low, more children are born into poverty, more are in substandard care while their parents work and more being raised raised by single parents. When taken together these and other risk factors can lead to education and health problems that are much harder and more costly to reverse.

>            The crisis begins in the womb with unplanned parenthood. Women with unplanned pregnancies are less likely to seek pre-natal care. In the U.S. 80% of teenage pregnancies and 56% of all pregnancies are unplanned. The problems continue after birth where unplanned pregnancies and unstable partnerships often go hand in hand. Since 1950, the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. More then 25 percent of all births today are to unmarried mothers. As the number of single parent families grow and more women enter the work force, infants and toddlers are increasingly in the care of people other than their parents.
            Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parent are increasingly neglecting or abusing their children, in only four years from 1987-1971 the number of children in foster care increased by over 50 percent. Babies under the age of one are the fastest growing category of children entering foster care. The crisis affects children under the age of three most severely, the report says. Yet, it is this period from infancy through preschool years that sets the stage for a child’s future.

Directions: Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning to the key word.

Extensive

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

The author compares the hypothetical literature on air-traffic control with _____________.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

The author of the passage through the story of the inventor in Britain, desires to illustrate the point that _______.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

In the realm of science fiction, mechanical men have been treated differently from other technological paraphernalia because _____________.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

Directions: Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning to the key word as used in the Passage.

Obscure

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

According to the passage, Capek's play RUR is of special interest because _____________.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

Directions: Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning to the key word as used in the passage.

Paraphernalia

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

Though the walking talking man model of the robot is misleading, it persists in science fiction because _____________.

Directions: Read the following passage & answer the question. 
           
            During World War II, an inventor submitted a scheme for building a giant airship armed with death rays to the British government. He had provided details of the engines, navigational system, etc. when question about the death-ray themselves he exclaimed, “Oh, I thought the military had plenty of them available,”
            If a robot is defined, provisionally, as a machine made in the image of man, then it must be stated that like death – rays in 1940, robots in 1990 remain in the world of speculation not of established fact yet, just as the inventor took the existence of death – rays for granted and concentrated on putting them to use the popular imagination has been much more preoccupied by the question of what we should do when robots do arrive than with the business of actually making them , it is rather as if the Wright brothers first flight had been preceded by an extensive literature on air – traffic control .

Which of the following statements is not true in the context of the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author, which of the following cannot be viewed as the cause of development?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author which of the following factors support(s) and strengthen(s) his point of view?
(1) Necessity for carrying out growth on the basic of our own strength.
(2) Increased emphasis on production and coverage targets.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the passage we have so far placed more emphasis on which of the following?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

What seems to be the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author, which of the following is a less important factor resulting in environment stress in rural and urban areas?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author at the national level with passage of time, the effects of which of the following are being felt?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

What seems to be the approach of the author regarding the present status of research?
(1) He desires that more research establishments should come up.
(2) Application of new technologies in factories and field is more vital than setting of research laboratories.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.