Immunology and Reproductive Physiology
Tests knowledge of the immune system including B-cell differentiation, T-cell function, antigen presentation, inflammation, and aspects of fetal and reproductive physiology.
Questions
Differentiation of B-cells from hematopoietic stem cells is independent of
- Ikaros
- IL-3
- IL-7
- Pax5
- IL-8
In a thymectomized organism, which of the following is irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow cells?
- The T-lymphocyte population is not restored.
- The B-lymphocyte population is not restored.
- All lymphocyte populations are restored.
- None of the lymphocyte populations are restored.
- Rapid death inevitably follows.
The phenomenon in which following successful Ig gene rearrangement, further rearrangement on the sister chromatid is suppressed, is termed as
- class switching
- productive rearrangement
- clonal selection
- allelic exclusion
- gene shuffling
A young couple has been blessed with a baby boy. Which immunoglobulin class crosses the placenta to provide a high level of passive immunity at the time of parturition?
- IgA
- IgD
- IgE
- IgG
- IgM
After medical examination, doctor confirmed that Mrs. Gupta is suffering from infectious anergy. In infectious anergy
- T-cells become deleted
- anergic T-cells indirectly suppress other T-cells
- CD80 on the antigen-presenting cell becomes upregulated
- MHC class II on the antigen-presenting cell becomes upregulated
- T-cells recognize antigen in the absence of antigen-presenting cells
The immunoglobulin superfamily is a large group of cell surface and soluble proteins in humans. Which of the following molecules do not belong to the Ig gene superfamily?
- Immunoglobulin
- T-cell receptor
- LFA-1
- Beta2-microglobulin
- Thy-1
An antigen is a substance which provokes an adaptive immune response in the body. The antigen moiety on an antigen-presenting cell identified by the alpha beta T-cell receptor is
- native protein antigen plus major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule
- processed (peptide) antigen plus MHC
- processed peptide antigen
- native antigen
- only MHC
Cytosol is the liquid found inside cells. The processing of cytosolic protein involves
- transport into late endosomes
- proteasome-mediated cleavage
- displacement of invariant chain
- displacement of beta2-microglobulin
- binding to the MHC class II groove
Immunoproteasome is a protease abundant in immune cells. Which of the following statements does not characterises the immunoproteasome?
- It is generated in response to interferon-gamma stimulation.
- It contains the nonpolymorphic MECL1 subunit.
- It contains the polymorphic LMP7 subunit.
- Ten per cent of the peptides generated are 8–9 residues in length.
- It exhibits both chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities.
Positive selection was first demonstrated in classic experiments using mice. In thymus, it is mediated by
- macrophages
- thymic epithelial cells
- dendritic cells
- B-cells
- T-cells
Acute inflammation usually occurs as an immediate response to trauma. It characteristically involves
- constriction of arterioles
- capillary endothelial cell enlargement
- influx of macrophages
- influx of mast cells
- influx of neutrophils
Which of the following statements is true of the fetal circulation?
- 100% of the cardiac output goes to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
- The arterial duct (ductus arteriosus) helps send oxygenated blood to the brain.
- Blood shunts across the duct ‘left to right’ (from the aorta to the pulmonary artery).
- The foramen ovale typically closes by 36 weeks' gestation.
- The umbilical vein carries well-oxygenated blood.