General Knowledge (General Science)

Bauxite Used for Aluminum Production. Bauxite is the principal ore of aluminum.

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; it is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats in the small intestine.

Ammonia (R-717) is a common refrigerant gas used in industrial refrigeration systems due to its high efficiency and thermodynamic properties.

When foodgrains are stored for long periods, they undergo natural drying processes, resulting in the loss of moisture content (water).

Birds excrete nitrogenous waste primarily as uric acid, which is a semi-solid paste requiring very little water for excretion, allowing them to conserve water effectively.

Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of molten rock, known as magma or lava, originating from the Earth's interior.

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) decomposes when heated to release carbon dioxide gas. Since carbon dioxide is denser than air and does not support combustion, it smothers the fire.

Incomplete combustion of charcoal in a closed space produces carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas that binds to hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen, leading to suffocation.

A cyclone is a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, often formed when warm air rises and is surrounded by cooler air.

Glass is a poor conductor of heat. When heated, the part in contact with the heat source expands, while the rest of the glass remains cool and does not expand, creating internal stress that causes the glass to crack.

Evaporation is a phase change from liquid to gas, which requires energy in the form of latent heat. This heat is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the temperature of the remaining liquid to drop.

Water on the surface of a pond continuously evaporates. Since evaporation is an endothermic process that absorbs heat from the water, it lowers the overall temperature of the pond.

Short-sightedness (myopia) occurs when light from distant objects focuses in front of the retina. A concave lens diverges the light rays, pushing the focal point back onto the retina to allow for clear vision.

According to Archimedes' principle, the ice displaces a volume of water equal to its own weight. When the ice melts, it turns into water that occupies exactly the same volume as the water it previously displaced, so the level remains unchanged.

Rayleigh scattering explains that shorter wavelengths of light (blue and violet) are scattered more efficiently by the atmosphere's molecules and particles than longer wavelengths (red). This scattered blue light reaches our eyes from all directions in the sky.

Thunder is caused by the rapid expansion of air due to lightning. The sound reflects off various surfaces like clouds, mountains, and buildings, creating multiple echoes that result in the characteristic rumbling sound.

Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA and proteins. They serve as the carriers of genetic information, which is organized into discrete units called genes.

Human somatic cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes in each cell.

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and secreted directly into the bloodstream. They regulate various bodily functions including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood. Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine glands are ductless.

Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal. It reacts vigorously with oxygen and moisture in the air to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, so it is stored in kerosene to prevent contact with air and water.