Indian Civics, Economy and Governance

The Rolling Plan was introduced by the Janata Government in 1978-79 as a modification to the Fifth Five Year Plan. It allowed for annual revision of targets based on performance, making planning more flexible than the rigid Five Year Plans of earlier governments.

The plan-holiday period in India occurred after the failure of the Third Five-Year Plan due to wars and drought, spanning from 1966 to 1969.

In the Indian parliamentary system, a bill becomes an Act only after it is passed by both houses and receives the assent of the President.

Fiscal deficit is the difference between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowings). It represents the total amount of borrowing the government needs to cover its expenses.

India is characterized by a large population relative to its capital and land, making it a labour-surplus economy.

According to the Constitution of India, a Judge of a High Court addresses their resignation letter to the President of India.

The Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, upon the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.

The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the portion of deposits banks must hold with the RBI. Lowering the CRR releases more funds for banks to lend, thereby increasing credit creation.

The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution recognizes 22 languages.

The Vice-President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and is not a member of the house.

According to the President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969, if both the offices of President and Vice-President are vacant, the Chief Justice of India discharges the functions of the President. If the office of the Chief Justice is also vacant, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court performs these duties.

The Panchayat Samiti serves as the intermediate tier of the Panchayati Raj system in India. It acts as an administrative authority that coordinates the activities of the Gram Panchayats within the block.

The Indian economy has grown significantly over the last decade. As of recent World Bank reports, India is ranked as the fifth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP.

Under Article 88 of the Indian Constitution, the Attorney-General for India has the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House of Parliament, even though they are not a member.

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) in India was specifically focused on the theme of 'Towards Faster and More Inclusive Growth'.

The Rainbow Revolution is an integrated strategy for the development of the agriculture sector in India. It encompasses various individual revolutions like the Green (food grains), White (milk), and Blue (fisheries) revolutions.

MODVAT stands for Modified Value Added Tax. It was introduced in India to replace the cascading effect of excise duties by allowing manufacturers to claim credit for taxes paid on inputs.

In India, currency notes of denominations of two rupees and above are signed by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. The one-rupee note is issued by the Ministry of Finance and bears the signature of the Finance Secretary.

The Rajya Sabha is the permanent House of Parliament and is not subject to dissolution. However, one-third of its members retire every two years.

The Preamble to the Constitution of India describes India as a 'Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic'. The sequence provided in option A matches the constitutional text.

The second Green Revolution is generally associated with the focus on rice production and the expansion of agricultural technology to regions not covered by the first Green Revolution.

The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, passed in 1988, lowered the voting age for elections to the Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies from 21 years to 18 years.

Pratibha Patil served as the 12th President of India, holding office from 2007 to 2012.