Disorders of Bones and Joints

Gliding joints are joints where the articulating bones can somewhat slide upon each other to some extent. Such joint are seen between ulna and carpels, i.e. at wrist.

A sprain is a joint injury that typically involves small tears (micro-trauma) of the ligaments and joint capsule. This is caused by excessive stretching of ligaments.

These are the joints found in skull bones.

Atlas rests and rotates freely on the peg-like odontoid process of the axis by the rotating or pivot joint.

Saddle joints are poorly developed ball and socket joints found between metacarpals and carpals of thumb.

Synovial fluid is a sticky and lubricating fluid filled in the cavity of synovial capsule and provides lubrication at the junction of two bones.

Ball and socket joint allows free movement in all directions.

Cartilaginous joint is found both between vertebrae and in pubic symphysis region.

This is a joint found between the lower jaw and skull.

The joint between skull and lower jaw is gomphosis.

Osteoporosis is diagnosed by Bone Density Test. It measures the concentration of Ca and P in the bone.

Hinge joints are found between the phalanges of digits.

Slipped disc is caused due to displacement of vertebrae of vertebral column due to mechanical injuries in ligaments which hold them together.

Hyaline cartilage is found at bone endings of bones joined by perfect joints.

Arthritis may result due to the lack of synovial fluid in the joint or due to ossification of articulating cartilages or due to deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint.