Indian Legal Aptitude - Contracts, Constitution & Criminal Law

Mandamus is a judicial remedy in the form of an order from a superior court, to any government subordinate court, corporation or public authority to do or forbear from doing some specific act, which that body is obliged under law to do.

Offer, acceptance and consideration are the three essential elements in a valid contract. Damage is not an essential element. 

A and B jointly owe C, Rs. 1,000. A pays C the amount due B, not knowing B has paid, also pays C Re 1. C is obliged to return the money under quasi contract. Quasi contract is an obligation of one party to another imposed by law independently of an agreement between the parties.

Indian Penal Code defines whoever has sexual intercourse with a person, who is the wife of another man, without the consent or connivance of that man, such sexual intercourse, not amounting to the offence of rape, is guilty of the offence of adultery. 

If a person innocently abducts a girl aged 16 in the belief that she was above 18, then he is criminally liable for kidnapping under Indian Penal Code.

The flag code of India has been divided into three parts:
First part: General description of the National Flag.
Second part: Display of the National Flag by members of public, private organisations and educational institutions, etc.
Third part: Display of National Flag by Central or State Governments and their organisations and agencies

The Indian Contracts Act was enacted in the year 1872.

According to the India Majority Act, a major is a person who has attained the age of 18 years.

Unliquidated damages means an amount owed to a plaintiff in a lawsuit by the defendant, that can not be determined by operation of law, such as the value of pain and suffering in a tort case.

The law relating to prisoners of war has been codified by Geneva Conventions.
Chapter II of the Annex to the 1907 Hague Convention IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land covered the treatment of prisoners of war in detail. These provisions were further expanded in the 1929 Geneva Convention on the Prisoners of War and were largely revised in the Third Geneva Convention in 1949. 

Slander means the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation. 

Rights and duties are closely related and cannot be separated from one another. Both go side by side. These are the two sides of the same coin. If the state gives the right to life to a citizen, it also imposes an obligation on him to not to expose his life to dangers, as well as to respect the life of others.

The guidelines, to remain in effect till a suitable law was enacted for witness protection, were issued by a Bench of Justice Usha Mehra and Pradeep Nandrajog on a petition filed by Neelam Katara.

Corporeal possession is the possession of a material object.
Incorporal possession is the possession of anything other than a material object.
Examples: trade mark, patent, copyright, etc.
 

The Federal Court of India was a judicial body established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It functioned until 1950, when the Supreme Court of India was established.

There are currently 28 sitting judges, against a maximum possible strength of 31.

Universal Adult Suffrage is the right of citizens in a given society who are entitled to vote in an election to select, at periodic intervals when these elections are called, a government to represent them.

Polygamy involves marriage that includes more than two partners. It is an offence punishable under Hindu Marriage act, 1955.

After 50 years of constitution coming into force, the government of India has set up a National Commission for Review of Working of Constitution under the chairmanship of a retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Chief Justice is Ranganath Mishra.

Central Vigilance Commission is constituted under Central Vigilance Commission Act of 2003.

Any two persons irrespective of religion can solemnize a marriage, commonly known as civil marriage under Special Marriage Act, 1954.
The Special Marriage Act, 1954 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide a special form of marriage for the people of India and all Indian nationals in foreign countries, irrespective of the religion or faith followed by either party.

Finance Commission recommends to the President of India as the principal, which should govern the grant-in-aid of the revenues of the states out of consolidated fund of India.