G.K. (Geography) - 11

Approximately 47 percent of incoming solar radiation (insolation) reaches the Earth's surface. The rest is either reflected by clouds and the atmosphere or absorbed by atmospheric gases.

The Earth reaches perihelion, its closest point to the Sun, in early January. This is due to the elliptical nature of Earth's orbit.

The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases, primarily carbon dioxide, trap infrared radiation reflected from the Earth's surface. This process warms the atmosphere.

The Brickfielder is a hot, dry, dusty wind that blows across southern Australia during the summer months. Purga is a Russian wind, Khamsin is Egyptian, and Chilli is Tunisian.

China is the world's largest producer of rice, followed by India. Australia and Denmark are not major rice producers.

Chilli is a hot, dry wind that blows in Tunisia. It is similar to other sirocco-type winds found in North Africa.

The Khamsin is a hot, dry, dusty wind that blows in Egypt and the surrounding regions during the spring.

Westerlies are planetary winds that blow from the subtropical high-pressure belts toward the subpolar low-pressure belts. Loo and Monsoons are local or seasonal winds.

The United States is currently the largest producer of oil in the world. While Russia and Saudi Arabia are also top producers, the U.S. has held the top spot in recent years.

Purga is a cold, blizzard-like wind that occurs in the tundra regions of Russia and Siberia.

The Equator is the longest circle of latitude on Earth, representing the great circle that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Due to the Earth's rotation, it is an oblate spheroid, meaning it bulges at the equator. The equatorial circumference is approximately 68 km longer than the polar circumference.

During the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere experiences winter. The further south one goes, the longer the night, with 60 degrees South experiencing a very long night.

Chile is the world's leading producer of copper, accounting for a significant portion of global supply.

To maintain consistency within a country, all watches and clocks are synchronized to a designated standard time, which is usually based on a specific meridian.

The summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere occurs when the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn, which happens around December 22nd.

On June 21st, the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun, resulting in 24 hours of daylight, a phenomenon known as the midnight sun.