Important Macromolecules, Enzymes and Metabolites

The favoured model for the enzyme-substrate interaction is the induced fit model. This model proposes that the initial interaction between the enzyme and the substrate is relatively weak.

AM404 is an active metabolite of paracetamol.

Methionine plays an important role in the synthesis of other proteins.

Alliinase is responsible for catalysing chemical reactions that produce the volatile chemicals that give odours and tear-inducing properties.

Hydroxybupropion is the major active metabolite of the antidepressant and smoking cessation drug bupropion.

Lignoceric acid is a saturated fatty acid.

Some antibiotics use primary metabolites as precursors.

Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters.

 In triglyceride form, lipids cannot be absorbed by the duodenum.

Palmitoleic acid is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue.

Saccharopine is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acid lysine.

Myeloperoxidase is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes.

Methacrylyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of valine.

Cysteinyldopa is a catecholamine. Excessive cysteinyldopa in plasma and urine has been linked to malignant melanoma.

Saturated fats are popular with manufacturers of processed foods.

α-Parinaric acid occurs naturally in the seeds of makita tree.

Punicic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

α-Linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds, nuts and many common vegetable oils.

Ecarin is derived from the venom of the Indian saw-scaled viper.

This enzyme participates in bile acid biosynthesis.

Atropine is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

It acts as a neurotransmitter and plays a vital role in healing wounds.

Prenol lipids are synthesised from the five-carbon-unit precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Carotenoids are important simple isoprenoids that function as antioxidants and as precursors of vitamin A.

Galactosamine is a constituent of some glycoprotein hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Glycoproteins contain carbohydrates as the prosthetic group.

Kojibiose is a disaccharide. It is a product of the caramelisation of glucose.

It stimulates activation of new platelets.

This is a significant brush border enzyme.

 Phospholipids are unique because they have a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic  end.

The stomach has a priority to destroy the bacteria and viruses using its highly acidic environment.

Homovanillic acid is a major catecholamine metabolite.

Flavonoids are also known as vitamin P or citrin.

Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.

DnaB helicase is an enzyme in bacteria which opens the replication fork during DNA replication.

This protein is a member of the catenin family.

Chlorocruorin is an oxygen-binding hemeprotein present in the blood plasma of many annelids.

 It is a highly oxidised tetranortriterpenoid.

The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme determines the appearance of the active site.

The levels increase in pregnancy/lactation and diabetes.

Prunasin is also found in dandelion coffee.