Kingdom Protista

 Protists are uninucleated, binucleated and multinucleated.

protist may have chlorophyll to prepare their own food, or may take up food from surroundings or even live as parasite on the host.

 In prokaryon, nuclear material scattered in the cytoplasm of the cell, rather than bounded by a nuclear membrane; found in some unicellular organisms, such as bacteria.

 Osmotrophy is the uptake of dissolved organic compounds by osmosis for nutrition, digestion occurs outside the body of the organism.

 The stored food in Euglenoids is pyrenoids.

The members of this kingdom show a diverse mode of nutrition. They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic. Heterotrophic forms may be holozoic or parasitic or saprophytic or even mixotrophic (obtaining nourishment by more than one method), but not chemosynthetic.

protists are eukaryotes so they have 80S ribosomes in their cytoplasm.

 Multiple fission at the cellular level occurs in many protists, e.g. sporozoans and algae. The nucleus of the parent cell divides several times by mitosis, producing several nuclei. The cytoplasm then separates, creating multiple daughter cells.

 Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin, the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST).

 The transverse groove in dinoflagellates is called cingulum.

 Parasite is an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it obtains nutriment. Nutrition in the causative agent of malaria is parasitic.

 Epitheca: This term is used to refer to both the larger, older valve (epitheca) of the frustule as well as the girdle elements (epicingulum) that are connected with it.
Hypotheca: This term is used to refer to the smaller, younger valve (hypotheca) of the frustule as well as the girdle elements (hypocingulum) that are connected with it.
Diatoms have hypotheca & epitheca.

 Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so they carry out the natural process of decomposition. Protists with saprophytic mode of nutrition are called decomposers.

 The variable modes of life styles in protista are similar to plants, animals and fungi.

 Euglenoids are single cellular organisms with euglena like features. They have specific euglenoid movements which are creeping movements followed by contraction and expansion of the body known as metaboly.

 A life cycle is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state. There are 3 types of cycles:Haplontic life cycle — the haploid stage is multicellular and the diploid stage is a single cell, meiosis is "zygotic".
Diplontic life cycle — the diploid stage is multicellular and haploid gametes are formed, meiosis is "gametic".
Haplodiplontic life cycle (also referred to as diplohaplontic, diplobiontic, or dibiontic life cycle) — multicellular diploid and haploid stages occur, meiosis is "sporic".

 Night Glow of the sea is caused by Noctiluca scintillans, commonly known as the Sea Sparkle.

 Peritrichous is having flagella (tail like projections) all over its surface. Paramecium is an example of a peritrichous protist.

 Trichonympha is a genus of parabasalid protists that live in the intestines of many, if not most, termite species. They are symbiotes, in that they break down the cellulose in the wood and plant fibers their hosts eat.

 Sun animalcules are also called radiolarians.

 Pelomyxa and Giant Amoeba are protozoan protist with pseudopodia and a single flagellum.

 Sleeping sickness is caused by two germs (protozoa), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense . The more severe form of the illness is caused by T. b. rhodesiense .

 Undulating membrane is present in Leishmania.

 Gambusia are also known as mosquitofish, which, however, refers more specifically to two species, G. affinis and G. holbrooki. These can be introduced into ponds to eat mosquito larvae and used for biological control of malaria.

 In paramecium, during the time of ingestion a minute aperture called cell anus called as cytopyge or cytoproct is visible.

 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus.

 Leucorrhoea, also known as vaginal discharge is a very common condition that has been experienced by most women of all ages, at some time or the other. Leucorrhoea is cuased by trichomonads, a group of parasitic protozoan specifically Trichomonas vaginalis.

 Lobopodia may be flattened or cylindrical (tubular). Amoeba proteus is probably the best-known protist possessing lobopodia.

 Micronucleus and meganucleus are present in Paramecium.

 The pigment in the eye spot of Euglena is called astaxanthin.