Logical Reasoning and Inference Test
Practice logical reasoning, critical thinking, and inference skills through analyzing arguments, drawing valid conclusions, and evaluating reasoning patterns.
Questions
In 1985 country X earned $I00 million from its steel exports. By 2005 revenue from steel exports doubled and in 2008 it reached an amount of $300 million.
Each of the following explains the increase in revenue except that:
- the quantity of steel exported from country X has increased in the past two decades
- the price of steel per ton has increased substantially
- the cost of raw material for manufacturing steel has suddenly dropped
- the total number of steel producing units in the country has increased
- steel production in the country has remained stable between 1985 and 2008
The education ministry recently came up with the idea of abolishing the class 10 Board Exams. According to the experts, it will take needless burden off the minds of the learners and exams conducted at the school level will produce better results. Questioning the move, an expert said, “How do you expect the students to perform better when they have no fear of failing at a national level exam?”
Which of the following statements would best answer the question posed by the expert?
- Fear of failure alone doesn't ensure better results; it rather plays on the minds of the students and affects their performance.
- Strict marking and opacity in the system will ensure that exams conducted at school level continue to be relevant, impartial and effective.
- The concept will be phase tested in some parts of the nation initially and extended to the whole country only on getting a good feedback.
- The level of syllabi of class 10 and 11 will be raised to ensure hard work among the students.
I. Bosses who have a moustache are polite.
II. Just a few bosses have a moustache.
If the above statements are true, which of the following statements must be true?
- Many bosses are polite.
- A majority of bosses are polite.
- Only a few bosses are polite.
- Some bosses are polite.
- Only bosses who have moustache are polite.
Roger is very poor in Mathematics. This year he has failed 3 tests.
Which of the following is true?
- The statement is fallacious because its database is narrow.
- The conclusion and the premise state the same fact.
- The conclusion is based on a suppressed premise.
- The argument employs ambiguity in the meaning of the terms.
- The argument is based on an invalid premise.
Some medical students avoid eating fried food. Therefore, some medical students are not overweight.
I. Some medical students are underweight.
II. People who eat less fried food are seldom overweight.
III. Some medical students are cautious about their diets.
If the argument given above is true, which of the three statements should also be true?
- I and II
- II and III
- I, II and III
- III only
- II only
China has been able to attract substantial amounts of Foreign Direct Investment based on its aggressive policies, strict enforcement and an investment-friendly climate in general. This investment and its consequences have greatly contributed to China’s pre-dominance as an economic superpower and its economic progress ever since the Red Revolution in the late 40s.
Which of the following, if true, could not have been offered as a logical reason for foreign investors to invest their money in China?
- Land rates in China are cheaper than in other comparable economies across the world.
- Labour mobility in China is much higher than in other countries.
- Import tariffs in other competing countries happen to be on the higher side as compared to those in China.
- Higher repatriation rate of company profits is allowed to the foreign companies investing in China than in other countries.
- Tax rates in other competing economies are pegged at higher levels than those in China.
Brian was fired from his last job on the grounds of showing disrespect towards his boss. Later on, his boss called him and told him to rejoin the office if he wished to. Brian refused saying “I won't ever go back even if it was the last place left to work”.
What probably did Brian mean to say when he said “I won't ever…..work.”?
- That was the last place he worked at.
- He would be the last man to take up the job here.
- He can remain unemployed but cannot go back.
- He would only work in the last place left to work.
Columbia is the leading producer and supplier of coffee in the world. However, its current position in trade is in danger as other countries, using the Columbian coffee bean and modern cultivation methods, are increasing production, supplying at lower prices.
Columbia should be able to maintain its position in the world market by
- increasing the area under cultivation
- stopping the supply of the Columbian coffee bean to other countries
- reducing the price of the coffee exports
- adopting modern cultivation methods to remain in competition
- reframing its trade agreements with buyers
TV ad: Sign up for our Guaranteed Placement Program! Our students averaged annual package of $ 100000 last year.
Which of the following would be least useful in assessing the validity of the above claim?
- The average annual package drawn by the students before they joined this program.
- The total batch size on the basis of which this claim has been made.
- Extent of variation among the pay packages drawn by the students subsequent to joining the program.
- The duration for which the program and the institution offering it have been in operation.
- How many students availed of the placement program to get jobs and how many got jobs on their own?
Whenever Jay goes jogging, he jogs early in the morning. He jogs only on the Joggers Path, and the Joggers Path is where he jogs early in the morning.
Which of the following must be true, if the above statements are true?
- All early morning joggers jog on the Joggers' Path.
- The Joggers' Path is for early morning joggers only.
- Jay jogs when there are no other joggers.
- Several other joggers jog with Jay.
- Jay jogs only early in the morning.
Teenagers in the city of Glendale regularly switch on to the Quickmeet channel at 4.00 pm. By communicating on the Quickmeet radio channel teenagers in the city can unfailingly contact each other.
The statement above logically conveys which of the following?
- Interacting on the radio is the teenagers' favorite pastime.
- The radio is the only method of communication in Glendale.
- Teenagers in the city of Glendale wait till 4.00 pm to communicate with each other.
- For assured contact teenagers in Glendale need not depend on any methods other than Quickmeet radio channel.
- Teenagers in Glendale should communicate through the Quickmeet radio channel for assured contact.
Countries care deeply about their economic ranking as sports fans do about their team's status in a sports league. The year 2007 saw much drum-beating with China leapfrogging in league tables, leaving the US behind on the charts. China's exports exceeded the US figures for the first time ever last year. Yet more table-topping is expected in 2008.
Which of the following can be reasonably inferred from the above-cited passage?
- The Chinese exports volumes were ahead of the US volumes in 2007 and are progressing at a rate much faster than that of the US.
- China is expected to top the global exports charts in the year 2008.
- China's exports growth rate in 2006-2007 exceeded that of the US during the same period.
- The US and China have been traditional competitors globally in terms of their respective exports volumes.
- China earned more money from exports in 2007 than the US did.
To calculate the GDP growth across the globe, individual countries' growth rates are weighted in terms of their share of global output. Using Purchasing Power Parity, as the IMF does, the global economy has grown by an average of 5% over the past five years, its strongest pace since the early 1970s. This is primarily due to the emerging economies growing by 7.5% a year (as against only 2.3% witnessed in the developed economies), and they account for around 45% of global GDP.
Given the above information, which of the following would be definitely false?
- The percentage share of emerging economies in global GDP was less than that of developed ones till 1970s.
- If the developed economies and the emerging economies grow at the same pace each year, the global GDP growth rate would be much more than it is at present.
- The growth rate of emerging economies is bound to further increase in future too.
- There has been no significant change in terms of living standards of people in developing economies.
- There has been no significant change in terms of disposable income of people in developing economies.
Lopez: Google is one of the most task-oriented companies I have seen so far.
Angelica: I'll go with you on that. So many ex-Googlians are now entrepreneurs and are running their own companies.
It can be interpreted from Angelica's comment that she misinterprets Lopez's words to imply
- Google recruits only task-oriented people in its ranks.
- There is a link between working in a task-oriented company and becoming an entrepreneur.
- Entrepreneurs are very task-oriented people.
- There is some link between task-orientation and one's success later in life.
- Task orientation is necessary in order to work in Google.
�Anne goes out alone during day-light hours, but goes out after dark, only if both Fruity and Cherry are with her.�
Which of the following conclusions can be logically inferred from the statements above?
- If it is dark and Fruity is with Anne, Anne will go out.
- If Cherry is going out, both Fruity and Anne are with her.
- If Fruity is not with Anne, Anne is not going out.
- If Anne is going out alone, it is before 6.00 p.m.
- If it is dark and Anne is going out, Fruity is with her.