Computer Awareness

Boot sector  viruses are often transmitted by a floppy disk left in the floppy drive.

File servers manage and store the files.

Option (3) is correct. 

Dial-up is not a type of broadband internet connection. 

Embedded computers reside inside other devices, such as your car or your electronic thermostat, etc.

Digital scanner is not a computing device.

Hackers, viruses, and identity theft are direct security threats that compromise data or systems. Spam is primarily an annoyance or a nuisance communication rather than a direct security or privacy risk in the same category.

A software suite is a collection of computer programs, usually from the same developer, that are bundled together because they share common features, toolbars, and menus to improve user workflow.

Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals are the modern equivalents of cash registers used in retail to process transactions and update inventory systems in real time.

A data warehouse is a large repository of data collected from various sources within an organization. It is specifically organized around important subject areas to support decision-making and analysis.

System software, such as the operating system, acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the application software, allowing them to communicate and function together.

In a token ring network topology, a small frame called a token circulates around the ring. Only the computer that captures the token is allowed to transmit data, preventing collisions.

Servers are powerful computers designed to provide services, data, or resources to other computers, known as clients, over a network.

The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process and provides runtime services for operating systems and programs to interact with peripherals.

The operating system is the primary system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs, including the user interface.

In a database, a field is a single piece of information. The labels used to identify these pieces of information within a table are called field names.

Data inconsistency occurs when the same data exists in different formats or values across multiple files or tables, often because an update was not propagated to all locations.

Data mining is the process of discovering patterns, correlations, and anomalies within large datasets to predict outcomes or explain observed events.

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, allowing multiple devices to share a single broadband Internet connection.

A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers, often used to cache web pages or filter requests.

Normalization in database design aims to minimize redundancy by organizing data efficiently and eliminating duplicate information. It does not minimize relationships, entities, or tables directly; these may increase during normalization. The phrasing should be 'minimize redundancy' but the intent is correct.

Reserved words are terms that programming languages set aside for specific purposes and cannot be used as identifiers or variable names. Examples include 'if', 'while', 'class', and 'return'. Control structures and control worlds are not the correct terminology.

An extranet is a private network that uses internet technology to securely share part of an organization's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, or partners.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a given unique resource on the Web, identifying both the specific server and the location of the page.

An integrated circuit, often called a chip or microchip, is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon.

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language used for managing and manipulating data held in a relational database management system.

Network architecture refers to the overall design and structure of a computer network, including the physical components and the logical organization.

Cache memory is a small, high-speed type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to the processor and stores frequently used computer programs and data.

A blog (short for weblog) is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries.

A data dictionary is a centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format. It defines the structure of the database by storing metadata.

Time bombs are a type of malware designed to execute their malicious payload only when a specific date or time is reached. Other viruses, like boot-sector viruses, are triggered by different events.

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that allows users to define, create, maintain, and control access to a database. It acts as an interface between the user and the database.

Malware is an umbrella term for any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are all specific subcategories of malware.

A Graphical User Interface (GUI) allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators, such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces.

Correct option is (1). 

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. It consists of seven layers.

In database design, setting a field as 'required' or 'not null' ensures that the field must contain a value before the record can be saved. This prevents empty or blank entries in critical fields.

The standard hierarchy of data organization from smallest to largest is: Character (or bit/byte), Field, Record, File, and Database. This represents the logical structure of data storage.

Menus are lists of options or commands displayed on a screen that allow a user to select a specific action. They are a fundamental component of user interface design.

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system. Checking a login name and password is the most common form of user authentication.

File extensions typically follow the dot (.) after the file name (e.g., document.docx). Option D incorrectly states that the extension comes before the dot.

While viruses can cause various software-related issues, hardware failure like a CD-ROM drive stopping is almost always due to physical or driver issues, not a software virus.