GK (General Science)

Louis Pasteur performed famous experiments with swan-neck flasks to disprove spontaneous generation, demonstrating that microorganisms arise from pre-existing life.

Elephant tusks are elongated, continuously growing teeth that are anatomically classified as incisors.

Leeches produce hirudin, an anti-coagulant, in their saliva to prevent the host's blood from clotting while they feed.

The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for filtering metabolic waste products from the blood and excreting them as urine.

Carrots are well-known for being rich in beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A) and also contain significant amounts of vitamin C and E.

Neem oil and extracts are widely used in natural mosquito repellents due to their insecticidal properties.

Methyl alcohol (methanol) is highly toxic and is often illegally added to illicit liquor; its ingestion can cause blindness and death.

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent globally, according to WHO statistics.

Carotene (specifically beta-carotene) is a pigment that the body converts into Vitamin A, making it a provitamin.

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is most commonly caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet.

Niacin is Vitamin B3 and Thiamine is Vitamin B1; both are members of the B-complex vitamin group.

Excessive loss of fluids through vomiting and diarrhea leads to the loss of electrolytes, particularly sodium, which is essential for maintaining fluid balance.

X-ray technicians are regularly exposed to ionizing radiation, which can cause mutations and damage DNA if proper safety protocols are not followed.

Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is a disease caused by Leishmania parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected sand-fly.

Vitamin C is found primarily in fruits and vegetables. Fish is a source of protein and some vitamins (like D and B12), but it is not a source of Vitamin C.

Sea-kelp is a type of seaweed that is naturally rich in iodine, which is essential for thyroid function.

The Mantoux test (or tuberculin skin test) is a standard diagnostic tool used to screen for tuberculosis infection.

The liver is the organ responsible for synthesizing bile, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats. The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile, but it does not synthesize it.

Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver sinusoids. They play a key role in breaking down old red blood cells and hemoglobin into bile pigments.

Mesophytes are plants adapted to environments with moderate water availability and average temperature conditions. Xerophytes are adapted to dry conditions, while hydrophytes are adapted to aquatic environments.

Gerontology is the scientific study of aging, including the physical, mental, and social aspects of old age. Dactylography refers to the study of fingerprints.

Milk is a rich source of calcium, protein, and potassium, but it is notoriously poor in iron. Infants require iron supplementation if fed exclusively on milk for extended periods.

Essential micronutrients for plants include zinc, copper, and boron. Sodium is generally considered a beneficial element for some plants but is not classified as an essential micronutrient for all plants.