Computer Abbreviations

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection, which is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system.

Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is a proprietary networking protocol architecture created by IBM in 1974. It defines the rules for how data is transmitted across a network.

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a technique where the total bandwidth available in a communication medium is divided into a series of non-overlapping frequency sub-bands.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a switching technique used in telecommunications networks that organizes data into fixed-size cells.

A Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities.

Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) is a common method used in multi-criteria decision analysis to evaluate alternatives by assigning weights to different criteria.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.

SEM is widely recognized in academic and technical literature as Structural Equation Modeling. The provided option 'Subjective effectiveness measures' is not the standard technical definition, but given the options, it is marked correct by the source.

A Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) is a finite-state machine that accepts or rejects a given string of symbols by running through a state sequence uniquely determined by the string.

A Context-Free Grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar in which every production rule is of the form A -> alpha, where A is a single nonterminal symbol and alpha is a string of terminals and nonterminals.

A Finite State Machine (FSM) is a mathematical model of computation. It is an abstract machine that can be in exactly one of a finite number of states at any given time.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a type of software that organizations use to manage day-to-day business activities such as accounting, procurement, project management, and supply chain operations.

Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a standardized and portable message-passing standard designed to function on parallel computing architectures.

Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL) is a high-speed integrated circuit bipolar transistor logic family. It uses an overdriven differential amplifier with single-ended input and limited output voltage swing to avoid saturation.

Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) is a logic family built from bipolar junction transistors and resistors. It is called TTL because both the logic gating function and the amplifying function are performed by transistors.

An Augmented Transition Network (ATN) is a type of graph used in computational linguistics to represent natural language grammars.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data.

B2B stands for Business-to-Business, which refers to a form of transaction between businesses, such as one involving a manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML.

Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is a Java API that performs the object-oriented equivalent of remote procedure calls (RPC), with support for direct transfer of serialized Java classes and distributed garbage collection.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network.

A Virtual Circuit (VC) is a means of transporting data over a packet-switched computer network in such a way that it appears as though there is a dedicated physical layer link between the source and destination end systems.

Data Control Language (DCL) is a syntax used to control access to data stored in a database. It is a component of SQL and includes commands like GRANT and REVOKE.